The history of competition law refers to attempts by governments to regulate competitive markets for goods and services, leading up to the modern competition or antitrust laws around the world today. The earliest records traces back to the efforts of Roman legislators to control price fluctuations and unfair trade practices. Throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, kings and queens repeatedly cracked down on monopolies, including those created through state legislation. The English common law doctrine of restraint of trade became the precursor to modern competition law. This grew out of the codifications of United States antitrust statutes, which in turn had considerable influence on the development of European Community competition laws after the Second World War. Increasingly, the focus has moved to international competition enforcement in a globalised economy.
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The historyofcompetitionlaw refers to attempts by governments to regulate competitive markets for goods and services, leading up to the modern competition...
Competitionlaw is the field oflaw that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition...
In the European Union, competitionlaw promotes the maintenance ofcompetition within the European Single Market by regulating anti-competitive conduct...
Competition on Corporate Law Kyd, S, A Treatise on the Lawof Corporations (1793–1794) Mahoney, PG, "Contract or Concession? An Essay on the History of...
study the effects ofcompetition on society as a whole. Additionally, anthropologists study the history and prehistory ofcompetition in various cultures...
In its most general sense, the practice oflaw involves giving legal advice to clients, drafting legal documents for clients, and representing clients...
Competitionlaw theory covers the strands of thought relating to competitionlaw or antitrust policy. The classical perspective on competition was that...
enquiries related to regulated industries under competitionlaw in the United Kingdom. It was a competition regulator under the Department for Business,...
(humanities) "CompetitionLaw Basics" (PDF). Competition Commission of India. p. 6. Federal Trade Commission (July 24, 2013). "Competition & Consumer Protection...
The Economics of Imperfect Competition, published in 1933. Robinson credited classics scholar Bertrand Hallward at the University of Cambridge with coining...
In addition to federal laws, each state has its own unfair competitionlaw to prohibit false and misleading advertising. In California, one such statute...
antitrust law is a collection of mostly federal laws that regulate the conduct and organization of businesses in order to promote competition and prevent...
United Kingdom competitionlaw is affected by both British and European elements. The Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002 are the most important...
oflaws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history...
historyof patents and patent law is generally considered to have started with the Venetian Statute of 1474. There is some evidence that some form of...
market with the "absence ofcompetition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing. This...
United Kingdom competition lawCompetitionlaw Restraint of trade Sir Edward Coke, The Selected Writings and Speeches of Sir Edward Coke, ed. Steve Sheppard...
Act in history. In Canada, it is an indictable criminal offence under Section 45 of the Competition Act. Bid rigging is considered a form of price fixing...
causes are monopoly pricing structures, such as those enabled by laws that restrict competition or by high fixed costs in a particular marketplace. The inefficiency...
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 63–212, 38 Stat. 730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27...
although some form of policy to regulate competition in the market economy has existed throughout the common law'shistory. Although "trust" had a technical...
(TPA). The Act is the legislative vehicle for competitionlaw in Australia, and seeks to promote competition, fair trading as well as providing protection...
OFT's successor, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), closed its investigation into suspected breaches ofcompetitionlaw in the hotel online booking...
within competitionlaw can be used to determine whether or not a firm has unfairly manipulated the market in their favour, or to the detriment of entrants...
that United States antitrust law return to a broader concern with private power and its negative effects on market competition, income inequality, consumer...
on market positions, they are subjected to competitionlaw, which is executed by governmental competition regulators. Very similar regulations apply to...
collusion to be illegal as it violates competitionlaws and is regarded as anti-competition behaviour. The EU competitionlaw in Europe prohibits anti-competitive...
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