In Islamic law, Ḥirābah (Arabic: حرابة) is a legal category that comprises highway robbery (traditionally understood as aggravated robbery or grand larceny, unlike theft, which has a different punishment), rape, and terrorism.[1] Ḥirābah means piracy or unlawful warfare. It comes from the triliteral root ḥrb, which means “to become angry and enraged”. The noun ḥarb (حَرْب, pl. ḥurūbحُروب) means 'war' or 'wars'.[2]
Moharebeh (also spelled muharebeh) is a Persian language term that is treated as interchangeable with ḥirabah in Arabic lexicons.[3] The related term muḥārib (محارب) has been translated by English-language Iranian media as "enemy of God".[4][5][6] In English-language media sources, moḥarebeh in Iran has been translated variously as "waging war against God,"[7] "war against God and the state,"[8] "enmity against God."[9][5] It is a capital crime in Saudi Arabia and Iran.
^Cite error: The named reference jav was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Crane, Robert D., “Hirabah versus Jihad”, IFRI.org (Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc., 2006)
^Amin (2014), p. 133.
^Daragahi, Borzou (29 January 2010). "Iran executes 2 alleged government opponents". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
^ ab"Trial of 16 Ashura riot detainees begins in Iran". Tehran Times. 31 January 2010.
^"Maritime Space: Maritime Zones and Maritime Delimitation" (PDF). Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^Fathi, Nazila (2 February 2010). "Iran, With Opposition Protests Continuing, Executes More Prisoners". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
In Islamic law, Ḥirābah (Arabic: حرابة) is a legal category that comprises highway robbery (traditionally understood as aggravated robbery or grand larceny...
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being equal), a woman's testimony is equal to that of a man's. Rape is hirabah and deserves severe punishments as mentioned in Quran 5:33. It doesn't...
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