Photos of the papyrus fragments PHerc.1103 (a) and PHerc.110 (b,c). Image contrast and brightness were enhanced to better visualize the details visible to the naked eye on their external surface.[1]
The Herculaneum papyri are more than 1,800 papyrus scrolls discovered in the 18th century in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. They had been carbonized when the villa was engulfed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
The papyri, containing a number of Greek philosophical texts, come from the only surviving library from antiquity that exists in its entirety.[2] However, reading the scrolls is extremely difficult, and can risk destroying them. The evolution of techniques to do this continues.
The majority of classical texts referred to by other classical authors are lost, and there is hope that the continuing work on the library scrolls will discover some of these. For example, as many as 44 works discovered were written by the 1st-century BC Epicurean philosopher and poet Philodemus, a resident of Herculaneum, who possibly formed the library, or whose library was incorporated in it.
^Stabile, Sara; Palermo, Francesca; Bukreeva, Inna; Mele, Daniela; Formoso, Vincenzo; Bartolino, Roberto; Cedola, Alessia (18 January 2021). "A computational platform for the virtual unfolding of Herculaneum Papyri". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 1695. Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.1695S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80458-z. PMC 7813886. PMID 33462265.
^Interview with Daniel Delattre: the Herculaneum scrolls given to Consul Bonaparte (2010), Napoleon.org Archived 2015-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
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Herculaneum (/hɜːrkjʊˈleɪniəm/; Neapolitan and Italian: Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town, located in the modern-day comune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy...
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