English natural philosopher, and scientist (1731–1810)
For other people named Henry Cavendish, see Henry Cavendish (disambiguation).
The Honourable
Henry Cavendish
FRS
Born
10 October 1731
Nice, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died
24 February 1810(1810-02-24) (aged 78)
London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Nationality
English
Alma mater
Peterhouse, Cambridge
Known for
Discovery of hydrogen Measuring the Earth's density (Cavendish experiment)
Awards
Copley medal
Scientific career
Fields
Chemistry, physics
Institutions
Royal Institution
Henry CavendishFRS (/ˈkævəndɪʃ/KAV-ən-dish; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air".[1] He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper, On Factitious Airs. Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name.
A shy man, Cavendish was distinguished for great accuracy and precision in his researches into the composition of atmospheric air, the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law governing electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, and calculations of the density (and hence the mass) of the Earth. His experiment to measure the density of the Earth (which, in turn, allows the gravitational constant to be calculated) has come to be known as the Cavendish experiment.
^Cavendish, Henry (1766). "Three Papers Containing Experiments on Factitious Air, by the Hon. Henry Cavendish". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 56. The University Press: 141–184. Bibcode:1766RSPT...56..141C. doi:10.1098/rstl.1766.0019. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
HenryCavendish FRS (/ˈkævəndɪʃ/ KAV-ən-dish; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important...
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