Hemispherical electron energy analyzer information
Hemispherical electron energy analyzer.
A hemispherical electron energy analyzer or hemispherical deflection analyzer is a type of electron energy spectrometer generally used for applications where high energy resolution is needed—different varieties of electron spectroscopy such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)[1] or in imaging applications such as photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM).[2]
It consists of two concentric conductive hemispheres that serve as electrodes that bend the trajectories of the electrons entering a narrow slit at one end so that their final radii depend on their kinetic energy. The analyzer, therefore, provides a mapping from kinetic energies to positions on a detector.
^Roy, D.; Tremblay, D. (1990). "Design of electron spectrometers". Reports on Progress in Physics. 53 (12): 1621–1674. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53.1621R. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/12/003. ISSN 0034-4885. S2CID 250872079.
^Tusche, Christian; Chen, Ying-Jiun; Schneider, Claus M.; Kirschner, Jürgen (2019-11-01). "Imaging properties of hemispherical electrostatic energy analyzers for high resolution momentum microscopy". Ultramicroscopy. 206: 112815. doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112815. ISSN 0304-3991. PMID 31325896.
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source. The concentric hemisphericalanalyzer is a typical electronenergyanalyzer. It uses an electric field between two hemispheres to change (disperse)...
incident electrons of a very precisely defined energy and a high quality analyzer. Further high resolution is only possible when the energies of the incident...
gets measured in an energyanalyzer is the total energy at emission. With the development of sensitive electronenergyanalyzers in the 1960s, it became...
eight angular sectors. A hemispherical electrostatic analyzer measured the directional intensity of positive ions and electrons in the solar wind, magnetosheath...
recorded by sectors. A hemispherical electrostatic analyzer was used to study the directional intensity of positive ions and electrons in the solar wind,...
Ulysses Dust Detectors. In the center of the hemispherical target is the smaller (0.016 m2) Chemical Analyzer Target, CAT, at +1000 V electric potential...
keV (16 energy intervals for protons and electrons separately). The other analyzer, the LEPEDEA (low energy proton differential energyanalyzer) measured...
electrostatic analyzers and Spiraltron electron multipliers. There were 19 detectors, one ion stepped-energyanalyzer, and two electron stepped analyzers mounted...
Low-Energy Proton and Electron Differential EnergyAnalyzer (LEPEDEA) devices, each made up of cylindrical curved plate electrostatic analyzers and continuous...
six energy intervals and protons above 600 MeV, (2) a single scintillator that measured 1.4- to 22-MeV protons at five energy thresholds and electrons above...
identical oppositely directed hemispherical electrostatic analyzers, and 30 operating modes. Each spectrometer had a relative energy resolution of ± 2.5% and...
oppositely directed hemispherical electrostatic analyzers, and contained 30 operating modes. Each spectrometer had a relative energy resolution of ± 2.5%...
information about the electron probability distribution in molecular orbitals. Theoretically, one rationalizes these tomograms as hemispherical cuts through the...
Electrostatic Analyzer was aimed toward the Sun and could detect positive ions and electrons, which were separated by a set of three concentric hemispherical plates...
impact of energetic ions or electrons with energies >100 eV onto the particle may generate more than one secondary electron and, hence, lead to a positive...
works, a fixed energy light source was used, and the electron detection was carried out using retarding grids or hemisphericalanalyzers: the mass spectra...
overshoot in Fourier representation near discontinuities. In a differential analyzer, the output of one integrator drove the input of the next integrator, or...
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