The Hebron Hills, also known as Mount Hebron (Arabic: جبل الخليل, romanized: Jabal al-Khalīl, Hebrew: הר חברון, romanized: Har Hevron), are a mountain ridge, geographic region, and geologic formation, constituting the southern part of the Judean Mountains.[1] The Hebron Hills are located in the southern West Bank.[2][3][4]
During the Iron Age, the Hebron Hills were part of the Kingdom of Judah, which underwent a forced exile after being conquered by the Babylonians. Subsequently, in the Hellenistic period, an Edomite population migrating to the area became dominant, leading to its being referred to as Idumaea. The Edomites later converted to Judaism and assimilated into the Jewish population.[5][6] Despite many settlements being destroyed or abandoned due to the brutal suppression of the Bar Kokhva revolt, a Jewish presence persisted in the area.[7]
In the Late Roman and Byzantine periods, the Hebron Hills were divided demographically into a Christian northern part and a mixed Jewish-Christian southern area.[8] During this time, the southern Hebron Hills became known as Daroma, meaning "South" in Hebrew and Aramaic.[9][10] Several synagogues from this period have been unearthed in the region. Following the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the Jewish population in the area declined as Muslims became dominant.
In the Ottoman period, Mount Hebron served as a stop for farmers and herders, primarily from the deserts of Arabia and Transjordan, who migrated due to factors like severe drought. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Mount Hebron experienced extensive violence involving rival families and Bedouins, leading to migrations and the destruction of many villages.[11]
^Werlin, Steven H. (2015). Ancient synagogues of Southern Palestine, 300-800 C.E.: living on the edge. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-29840-8. OCLC 918997476. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^Mijal Grinberg (2007-02-14). "Security forces demolish seven houses in Mt. Hebron villages". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 16 February 2007. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
^Europa World Year Book 2. Taylor & Francis Group. 29 July 2004. p. 3308. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
^Dan P.Cole (2015). Lahav V: The Iron, Persian, and Hellenistic Occupation within the Walls at Tell Halif: Excavations in Field II: 1977-1980. Penn State Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-57506-366-9. is strategically located at the juncture of three different ecological zones: the Hebron Hills to the northeast, the foothills of the Shephelah to the west and the Northern Negev Desert to the south
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^ Grossman, D. "The expansion of the settlement frontier of Hebron's western and southern fringes". Geography Research Forum, 5, 1982, p. 62.
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