The health effects of 3D are the aspects in which the human body is altered after the exposure of three-dimensional (3D) graphics. These health effects typically only occur when viewing stereoscopic, autostereoscopic, and multiscopic displays. Newer types of 3D displays like light field or holographic displays do not cause the same health effects.[citation needed] The viewing of 3D stereoscopic stimuli can cause symptoms related to vision disorders that the individual already had, as a person with a healthy binocular vision shouldn't experience any side effects under three-dimensional exposure.[1]
An increase in vergence-accommodation conflict[2] occurs as the eye changes its movement patterns to focus on the position of objects recreated by stereoscopy.[3] One may counter vergence-accommodation conflict when seeing a 3D movie or using a near-eye display system (e.g., augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)) adapting stereoscopic stimuli without registration function.[4]
Adverse health effects, such as oculomotor symptoms, motor disorientation, and visual fatigue on viewers after three-dimensional exposure, result from the mismatch between the visual, the proprioceptive and the vestibular stimuli.[3]
^Solimini, Angelo G. (13 February 2013). "Are There Side Effects to Watching 3D Movies? A Prospective Crossover Observational Study on Visually Induced Motion Sickness". PLoS ONE. 8 (2): e56160. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856160S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056160. PMC 3572028. PMID 23418530.
^Hoffman, D.M.; Girshick, A.R.; Akeley, K.; Banks, M.S. (March 2008). "Vergence–accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue". Journal of Vision. 8 (3): 33.1–30. doi:10.1167/8.3.33. PMC 2879326. PMID 18484839.
^ ab"Seeing in 3D". 3D Vision & Eye Health. American Optometric Association. 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
^Wang, Yu-Jen; Chen, Po-Ju; Liang, Xiao; Lin, Yi-Hsin (27 March 2017). "Augmented reality with image registration, vision correction and sunlight readability via liquid crystal devices". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 433. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..433W. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00492-2. PMC 5428510. PMID 28348392.
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