Directory entry (in a directory-based file system) that associates a name with a file
For the hyperlinking term, see Hardlink (hyperlink).
In computing, a hard link is a directory entry (in a directory-based file system) that associates a name with a file. Thus, each file must have at least one hard link. Creating additional hard links for a file makes the contents of that file accessible via additional paths (i.e., via different names or in different directories).[1] This causes an alias effect: a process can open the file by any one of its paths and change its content. By contrast, a soft link or “shortcut” to a file is not a direct link to the data itself, but rather a reference to a hard link or another soft link.
Every directory is itself a special file on many systems, containing a list of file names instead of other data. Hence, multiple hard links to directories are possible, which could create a circular directory structure, rather than a branching structure like a tree. For that reason, some file systems forbid the creation of hard links to directories.
POSIX-compliant operating systems, such as Linux, Android, macOS, and the Windows NT family,[2] support multiple hard links to the same file, depending on the file system. For instance, NTFS and ReFS support hard links,[3] while FAT does not.
^Pitcher, Lew. "Q & A: The difference between hard and soft links".
^"Link Shell Extension".
^"Resilient File System (ReFS) overview". Microsoft Learn. 26 October 2022 – via Microsoft Docs.
a hardlink is a directory entry (in a directory-based file system) that associates a name with a file. Thus, each file must have at least one hard link...
the link system call, which creates a hardlink. When the ln -s flag is specified, the symlink() system call is used instead, creating a symbolic link. Symlinks...
trees. File names and directory implications: Inodes do not contain their hardlink names, only other file metadata. Unix directories are lists of association...
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continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hardlink to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users...
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non-system volumes. The hardlink feature allows different file names to directly refer to the same file contents. Hard links may link only to files in the...
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