Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup L3
Ancient dispersal of haplogroup L3, its descendant M and N lineages, and other mtDNA clades. Numbers represent thousand years before present.
Possible time of origin
80,000–60,000 BP,[1] 70,000 BP[2]
Possible place of origin
East Africa[3][4][5][2] or Asia[6]
Ancestor
L3'4
Descendants
L3a, L3b'f, L3c'd, L3e'i'k'x, L3h, M, N
Defining mutations
769, 1018, 16311[7]
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.
It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
It is inherited by all modern non-African populations, as well as by some populations in Africa.[8][3]
^Soares et al. 2011. Point estimates of 71.6 kya by Soares et al. (2009) and of 70.2 by Fernandes et al. (2015).
^ abLipson, Mark; et al. (22 January 2020). "Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history". Nature. 577 (7792): 665–669. Bibcode:2020Natur.577..665L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1929-1. ISSN 0028-0836. OCLC 8545173694. PMC 8386425. PMID 31969706. S2CID 210862788.
^ abSoares, P.; Alshamali, F.; Pereira, J. B.; Fernandes, V.; Silva, N. M.; Afonso, C.; Costa, M. D.; Musilova, E.; Macaulay, V. (2011-11-16). "The Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 29 (3): 915–927. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.923.345. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr245. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 22096215.
^Vai S, Sarno S, Lari M, Luiselli D, Manzi G, Gallinaro M, Mataich S, Hübner A, Modi A, Pilli E, Tafuri MA, Caramelli D, di Lernia S (March 2019). "Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic 'green' Sahara". Sci Rep. 9 (1): 3530. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.3530V. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39802-1. PMC 6401177. PMID 30837540.
^Osman, Maha M.; et al. "Mitochondrial HVRI and whole mitogenome sequence variations portray similar scenarios on the genetic structure and ancestry of northeast Africans" (PDF). Institute of Endemic Diseases. Meta Gene.
^Cite error: The named reference AsiaThesis1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference vanOven was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Behar, Doron M.; Villems, Richard; Soodyall, Himla; Blue-Smith, Jason; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Ene; Scozzari, Rosaria; Makkan, Heeran; et al. (2008). "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity" (PDF). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (5): 1130–40. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002. PMC 2427203. PMID 18439549.
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