Harper's Weekly cartoon decrying the Hamburg massacre
Date
July 1876
Location
Hamburg, South Carolina
Result
Political scandal and continued violence
Belligerents
White militia
Red Shirts
Planters
Local white supremacists
Democrats
United States
Court officials
South Carolina Army National Guard
Local African Americans
Republicans
Casualties and losses
1 dead
6 dead
v
t
e
Conflicts of the Reconstruction era
Memphis riots of 1866
New Orleans massacre of 1866
Pulaski riot (1868)
Opelousas massacre (1868)
Barber–Mizell feud
Lowry War
Kirk–Holden war (1870)
Meridian race riot of 1871
Colfax massacre
Brooks–Baxter War
Battle of Liberty Place
Vicksburg massacre (1874–1875)
South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
Hamburg massacre
The Hamburg Massacre (or Red Shirt Massacre or Hamburg riot) was a riot in the United States town of Hamburg, South Carolina, in July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era. It was the first of a series of civil disturbances planned and carried out by white Democrats in the majority-black Republican Edgefield District, with the goal of suppressing black Americans' civil rights and voting rights and disrupting Republican meetings, through actual and threatened violence.[1]
Beginning with a dispute over free passage on a public road, the massacre was rooted in racial hatred and political motives. A court hearing attracted armed white "rifle clubs," colloquially called the "Red Shirts". Desiring to regain control of state governments and eradicate the civil rights of black Americans, over 100 white men attacked about 30 black servicemen of the National Guard at the armory, killing two as they tried to leave that night. Later that night, the Red Shirts tortured and murdered four of the militia while holding them as prisoners, and wounded several others. In total, the events in Hamburg resulted in the death of one white man and six black men with several more blacks being wounded. Although 94 white men were indicted for murder by a coroner's jury, none were prosecuted.
The events were a catalyst in the overarching violence in the volatile 1876 election campaign. There were other episodes of violence in the months before the election, including an estimated 100 blacks killed during several days in Ellenton, South Carolina, also in Aiken County. The Southern Democrats succeeded in "redeeming" the state government and electing Wade Hampton III as governor. During the remainder of the century, they passed laws to establish single-party white rule, impose legal segregation and "Jim Crow," and disenfranchise blacks with a new state constitution adopted in 1895. This exclusion of blacks from the political system was effectively maintained into the late 1960s.
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The HamburgMassacre (or Red Shirt Massacre or Hamburg riot) was a riot in the United States town of Hamburg, South Carolina, in July 1876, leading up...
most notorious occurrence was what became known as the Hamburgmassacre. It occurred in Hamburg, a mostly black town across the Savannah River from Augusta...
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1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
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1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
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1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
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about it and profess to be very angry. Tap, Bruce (2013). The Fort Pillow Massacre: North, South, and the Status of African Americans in the Civil War Era...
Republican Party Reviewed…. National Democratic committee. p. 1. Colfax massacre. Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online Porter...
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1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
1875 State of the Union Address 1876 Hamburgmassacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the...
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