Halkieria evangelista from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet, North Greenland
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
(unranked):
Spiralia
Superphylum:
Lophotrochozoa
Phylum:
Mollusca
Family:
†Halkieriidae Poulsen, 1967
Genus:
†Halkieria Poulsen, 1967
Type species
Halkieria obliqua
Poulsen, 1967[1]
Species
See text
Part of a series on
The Cambrian explosion
Fossil localities
Burgess Shale
Chengjiang
Sirius Passet
Doushantuo
Key organisms
Ediacaran biota
Dickinsonia
Kimberella
Kimberichnus
Vernanimalcula
Burgess-type
Marrella
Radiodonts
Halwaxiids
Opabinia
Odontogriphus
Small shelly fauna
Helcionellids
Evolutionary concepts
Trends
Cambrian substrate revolution
Themes
Cladistics
Convergent evolution
Stem and crown groups
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The halkieriids are a group of fossil organisms from the Lower to Middle Cambrian. Their eponymous genus is Halkieria/hælˈkɪəriə/, which has been found on almost every continent in Lower to Mid Cambrian deposits, forming a large component of the small shelly fossil assemblages. The best known species is Halkieria evangelista, from the North Greenland Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, in which complete specimens were collected on an expedition in 1989. The fossils were described by Simon Conway Morris and John Peel in a short paper in 1990 in the journal Nature. Later a more thorough description was undertaken in 1995 in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London and wider evolutionary implications were posed.
The group is sometimes equated to Sachitida, although as originally envisaged, this group includes the wiwaxiids[2] and is thus equivalent to the Halwaxiida.
^Chr. Poulsen: Fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Bornholm. In: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab – Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, Vol. 36, No. 2, 48 S. + 9 Tafeln, 1967.
^Bengtson, S. (1985). "Redescription of the Lower Cambrian Halkieria obliqua Poulsen". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 107 (2): 101–106. doi:10.1080/11035898509452621.
The halkieriids are a group of fossil organisms from the Lower to Middle Cambrian. Their eponymous genus is Halkieria /hælˈkɪəriə/, which has been found...
and in fact descended from the halkieriids, as the sclerites are divided into similar groups, although those of halkieriids were much smaller and more numerous;...
related to the halkieriids or Wiwaxia or both. Orthrozanclus, first described in 2007, looked an intermediate between the halkieriids and Wiwaxia as it...
genus of halkieriid from Australia and Antarctica. This species, named by Porter in 2004, is the most complete and abundant Australian halkieriid species...
chancelloriids' sclerites concluded that they were very similar to those of halkieriids, mobile bilaterian animals that looked like slugs in chain mail and whose...
modern brachiopods suggests that brachiopods may be descendants of the halkieriids, which became extinct in the Cambrian period. Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic...
pseudoconodont-type elements; a "Sclerite world", seeing the rise of halkieriids, tommotiids, and hyoliths, lasting to the end of the Fortunian (c. 525...
remains of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have...
brachiopod fold hypothesis which suggests that they formed by the folding of a halkieriid-like organism. Five families are recognized: Tommotiidae Missarzhevsky...
that chancelloriids were related to the "chain mail" armored slug-like halkieriids, which are typically considered to be stem-group molluscs. While the...
Ausia bears some similarity to the halkieriids, and resembles the body plan that might be expected of halkieriid ancestors under the coeloscleritophoran...
sedis An enigmatic shelled fossil that is possibly thought to represent a halkieriid, which have been considered early mollusks. Orthrozanclus Mollusca A two...
organism. They went on to classify the halkieriids as nearly modern molluscs, since in their opinion halkieriids' "chain mail" coats of mineralized sclerites...
Sinosachites is a genus of 'halkieriid' known only from sclerites; these have internal chambers that are sub-perpendicular to the central canal, to which...
use the unequal ratio of stellate to mitrate sclerites to argue for a halkieriid-like anatomy. More recently a tube-like construction inspired by Eccentrotheca...
morphology is similarly bivalved, even though it was once thought to be halkieriid-like. Micrina is quite similar to Mickwitzia in terms of shell microstructure...
Thambetolepis is a dubious genus of sachitid halkieriid from the Cambrian (530-513 Ma). The genus Sinosachites may have been the same as Thambetolepis...
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