Within the insect order Hymenoptera, the Halictinae are the largest, most diverse, and most recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies.[2] They comprise over 2400 bee species belonging to the five taxonomic tribes Augochlorini, Thrinchostomini, Caenohalictini, Sphecodini, and Halictini, which some entomologists alternatively organize into the two tribes Augochlorini and Halictini.[2]
The subfamily Halictinae also belongs to the hymenopteran monophyletic clade Aculeata, whose members are characterized by the possession of a modified ovipositor in the form of a venomous sting for predator and prey defense.[3][4] Including all eusocial and cleptoparasitic Halictidae taxa,[1] these small bees are pollen feeders who mass provision their young and exhibit a broad spectrum of behavioral social polymorphies, ranging from solitary nesting to obligate eusociality.[5] Estimated from the fossil record, eusociality in this subfamily evolved about 20 to 22 million years ago, which is relatively recent in comparison with other inferred eusociality origins.[1][4] Thus, the Halictinae are believed to model the primitive eusociality of advanced eusocial hymenopterans.[1] Because of their polymorphic sociality and recently evolved eusociality, the Halictinae are valuable to the study of social evolution.[2]
^ abcdDanforth, B. N.; et al. (2008). "Phylogeny of Halictidae with emphasis on endemic African Halictinae" (PDF). Apidologie. 39: 86–101. doi:10.1051/apido:2008002.
^ abcSchwarz, M. P.; et al. (2007). "Changing Paradigms in Insect Social Evolution: Insights from Halictine and Allodapine Bees". Annual Review of Entomology. 52: 127–150. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150950. hdl:2328/9446. PMID 16866635.
^Andersson, M. (1984). "The Evolution of Eusociality". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 15: 165–189. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.001121.
^ abBrady, S. G.; et al. (2009). "Bees, ants, and stinging wasps (Aculeata)" (PDF). The Timetree of Life: 264–269. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-19.
^Arenson, L.; Wcislo, W. T. (2003). "Dominant-subordinate Relationships in a Facultatively Social, Nocturnal Bee, Megalopta genalis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 76 (2): 183–189. JSTOR 25086104.
Within the insect order Hymenoptera, the Halictinae are the largest, most diverse, and most recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies. They comprise...
sister group to the remaining three subfamilies (Nomiinae, Nomioidinae, Halictinae) based on both morphology and molecular data. Agapostemon sp. Dufourea...
1016/0305-0491(78)90229-8. Johansson, Ingela (1982). "Systematic relationship of halictinae bees based on the pattern of macrocyclic lactones in the Dufour gland...
subfamily Halictinae, of the Hymenoptera family Halictidae. The largest, most diverse and recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies, Halictinae (sweat...
Augochlorini is a tribe of sweat bees in the subfamily Halictinae. They are found in the Nearctic and Neotropic realms. They typically display metallic...
completely reproductively isolated. For example, in bees of the subfamily Halictinae, one generation is produced in the early summer and one in the late summer...
Oligochlora is an extinct genus of sweat bee in the Halictidae subfamily Halictinae. The genus currently contains six species, all of which are known from...
is a species of sweat bee of the genus Neocorynura in the subfamily of Halictinae of the family of Halictidae. It was first described by Allan H. Smith-Pardo...
Homalictus is a subgenus of bees in the genus Lasioglossum subfamily Halictinae of the family Halictidae. They are found in Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia,...
in the nest and guard the entrance, as well as hygiene-oriented tasks. Halictinae are mass-provisional, meaning they cache the food necessary for larval...
Halictini is a tribe of sweat bees in the sub-family Halictinae. The following are included by BioLib.cz: Agapostemon Guérin-Ménéville, 1844 Agapostemonoides...
at the center of this mound and, unlike the nests of other members of Halictinae, the entrance is not usually narrower than the main tunnel. During the...
is an extinct monotypic genus of sweat bee in the Halictidae subfamily Halictinae. At present, it contains the single species Nesagapostemon moronei. The...
is an extinct monotypic genus of sweat bee in the Halictidae subfamily Halictinae which contains the single species Eickwortapis dominicana. The genus name...
Global Information
