The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection.[1] HACEK is an abbreviation of the initials of the genera of this group of bacteria: Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter (previously Actinobacillus), Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella.[1] The HACEK organisms are a normal part of the human microbiota, living in the oral-pharyngeal region.[2]
The bacteria were originally grouped because they were thought to be a significant cause of infective endocarditis, but recent research has shown that they are rare and only responsible for 1.4–3.0% of all cases of this disease.[1]
^ abcNørskov-Lauritsen, N (Apr 2014). "Classification, identification, and clinical significance of haemophilus and aggregatibacter species with host specificity for humans". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27 (2): 214–40. doi:10.1128/CMR.00103-13. PMC 3993099. PMID 24696434.
^Feder HM, Jr; Roberts, JC; Salazar, J; Leopold, HB; Toro-Salazar, O (Jun 2003). "HACEK endocarditis in infants and children: two cases and a literature review". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 22 (6): 557–62. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000069795.12338.cf. PMID 12799515. S2CID 3238233.
The HACEKorganisms are a group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of...
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Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a species of bacteria. It is one of the HACEKorganisms. Norskov-Lauritsen N, Kilian M. (2006). "Reclassification of Actinobacillus...
hominis was classified into the HACEK group because of its similar infectious profile to the rest of the HACEKorganisms, such as genera groups, Haemophilus...
the culture media, for example Cutibacterium spp. and the HACEK bacteria group. Some organisms are said to be fastidious because they have demanding growth...
oropharynx is lined by non-keratinized squamous stratified epithelium. The HACEKorganisms (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium...
osteomyelitis"). It is one of the HACEK group of infections which are a cause of culture-negative endocarditis. In general, the HACEKorganisms are responsible for...
organisms require special culture media to grow). These include the HACEKorganisms, which are part of the normal oropharyngeal flora and are responsible...
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classified as Pasteurella spp., and infections by organisms now called Mannheimia spp., as well as by organisms now called Pasteurella spp., were designated...
Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes such as EPEC, and...
oral microflora, and together with anaerobic or capnophilic organisms (HACEK group organisms) may cause endocarditis. Actinobacilli are susceptible to most...
commercially available. Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline...
however, there is a <80% sensitivity. PCR-based identification of the organisms is available, but none in the United States are FDA-cleared. Simple, rapid...
tissue sample confirms donovanosis. Donovan bodies are rod-shaped, oval organisms that can be seen in the cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytes or histiocytes...
inhalation of one organism will yield disease in 50% of the population. This is an extremely low infectious dose (only 1-10 organisms required), making...
is named the Dienes line after its discoverer Louis Dienes. The micro-organism tests: Indole-negative and nitrate reductase-positive (no gas bubbles produced)...
ingestion are possible modes of transmission. Exposure to aerosolized organisms and poor gardening hygiene may be important predisposing factors to L...
Beubler E, et al. (December 2006). "Klebsiella oxytoca as a causative organism of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (23):...
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lactose, and organisms such as BCC that do not ferment lactose turn the pH indicator yellow, which helps to distinguish it from other organisms that may grow...
deoxycholate, induces the SOS DNA damage response indicating that in this organism bile salts cause DNA damage. Bile salt exposure is found to increase GC...
responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever. It is a facultative anaerobic organism that can infect humans via the Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)....
have an increased frequency of infection caused by Proteus and other organisms (e.g., Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, enterococci, and staphylococci)...
of the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that cause endocarditis. Routine laboratory tests may be normal because the organism is difficult...
Humans are vulnerable to Q fever, and infection can result from even a few organisms. The bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite. The incubation...
repair. H. pylori is naturally competent for transformation. While many organisms are competent only under certain environmental conditions, such as starvation...
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