Gustavus Adolphus Smith (December 26, 1820 – December 11, 1885) was a prosperous carriage maker in Decatur, Illinois before the American Civil War. He was a volunteer Union Army colonel from the beginning of the war until September 22, 1863 and from February 28, 1865 until December 14, 1865. After the end of the war, on January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Smith for appointment to the grade of Brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865. The United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.[2] Starting in 1870, Smith was a collector of internal revenue in New Mexico.
At the outset of the American Civil War, Smith drilled recruits in Illinois and Missouri. He was appointed colonel of the 35th Illinois Infantry Regiment on September 1, 1861. At the Battle of Pea Ridge (Elkhorn Tavern), on March 7, 1862, he was severely wounded in the right shoulder and head. After Smith was authorized to raise a brigade of volunteers in July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Smith for, and temporarily appointed him to, the grade of brigadier general of volunteers in the Union Army, to rank from September 19, 1862. Because he was unfit for field service due to his wounds, the United States Senate did not confirm his appointment as brigadier general of volunteers and it expired on March 4, 1863. His actual highest substantive rank remained colonel.
Smith was dismissed from service in the Union Army on September 22, 1863.[3] He was recalled on February 28, 1865 and appointed colonel of the 155th Illinois Infantry Regiment. That regiment guarded the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad until the end of the war. Smith served as colonel of the 155th Illinois Infantry Regiment until he was mustered out of the service with the regiment on December 14, 1865.
In 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Smith to the office of collector of internal revenue for the District of New Mexico. Smith lived in Santa Fe, New Mexico until his death on December 11, 1885.
^appointment expired without confirmation March 4, 1863
^Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1. p. 757.
^Historian Stewart Sifakis states that Smith was discharged for "fraudulent recruiting practices." Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4. p. 602.
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