A 14th-century conflict between the militias of the Guelph and Ghibelline factions in the comune of Bologna, from the Croniche of Giovanni Sercambi of Lucca
Date
1125–1186[2] 1216–1392[3][4]
Location
Northern-Central Italy
Result
1st phase: Peace of Constance (1186) 2nd phase: Stalemate (1392)
Decline of free communes; rise of signorie
Diffusion of Black Death
Extinction of Hohenstaufen dynasty
Conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily by Charles of Anjou
Interregnum after Frederick II's death
Weakening of Imperial Authority over Italy
Territorial changes
Italian city-states and communes
Belligerents
Guelphs
Holy See (Papacy)
1st phase
Lombard League
2nd phase
Welfen (Empire)
Pro-Angevin Sicily
Papal States
Pro-Guelph Florence
Pro-Guelph Milan led by Della Torre
Pro-Guelph Milan led by Visconti
House of Della Torre
Commune of Bologna
Republic of Siena
Republic of Lucca
Republic of Genoa
March of Ferrara
Republic of Massa
Pro-Guelph Montferrat
County of Savoy
Republic of Ancona
Patriarchate of Aquileia
Lodi
Perugia
Mantua
Orvieto
Variable Italian city-states
Ghibellines
Holy Roman Empire
1st phase
Holy Roman Empire
2nd phase
Staufen (Empire)
Pro-Staufen Sicily
March of Treviso
County of Urbino
Pro-Ghibelline Florence
Pro-Ghibelline Milan led by Della Torre
Pro-Ghibelline Milan led by Visconti
Republic of Siena
Republic of Lucca
Republic of Pisa
Duchy of Modena
Republic of Massa
Pro-Ghibelline Montferrat
Pavia
Commune of Terni
Asti
Todi
Santa Fiora
Variable Italian city-states
Empire of Nicaea[1]
Commanders and leaders
1st phase
Guido da Landriano
2nd phase
Emperor Otto IV
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Celestine IV
Pope John XXII
Ottaviano degli Ubaldini
Charles of Anjou
John III of Armagnac
Azzo VII, Marquis of Ferrara
1st phase
Emperor Frederick I
2nd phase
Emperor Frederick II
Emperor Henry VII
Emperor Louis IV
Ezzelino III da Romano
Enzo of Sardinia
Manfred of Sicily
Guido I, Count of Urbino
v
t
e
Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
Pre-Frederick II
Tortona
Spoleto
Crema
Carcano
Milan
Monte Porzio
Alessandria
Legnano
Calcinato
Reign of Frederick II
Cortenuova
Brescia
Faenza
Giglio
Viterbo
Parma
Fossalta
Cingoli
Post-Frederick II
Cassano
Montaperti
Benevento
Tagliacozzo
Colle Val d'Elsa
Roccavione
Desio
Sicilian Vespers
Forli
Pieve al Toppo
Campaldino
Lastra
Henry VII campaign
Milan uprising
Brescia
Soncino
War of the Bucket
Zappolino
Gamenario
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ...ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz,-lɪnz/-eenz, -inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini[ˈɡwɛlfieɡibelˈliːni,-fje-]) were factions supporting respectively the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
^Angelov, Dimiter (2019). The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p.89.
^Ippolito, Antonio Menniti (2005). Treccani (ed.). Guelfi e Ghibellini (in Italian).
^Faini 2006, pp. 7–36
^Jacques, Tony (2007). Greenwood Publishing Group (ed.). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 209. ISBN 9780313335372.
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