70,400[1]–500,000[1] (Official: 100,000–150,000) At least 421 persons were eaten
Victims
Five Black Categories and their families, "class enemies"
Perpetrators
Red Guards, members and ranking cadres of the Chinese Communist Party, local Militia
Motive
Hatred and conflicts between rebel faction and conservative faction in Guangxi; different interpretation of Maoism; political hatred towards landlords and wealthy peasants instigated by the Chinese Communist Party
The Guangxi Massacre (simplified Chinese: 广西大屠杀; traditional Chinese: 廣西大屠殺; pinyin: Guǎngxī Dàtúshā), or the Guangxi Cultural Revolution Massacre (广西文革大屠杀; 廣西文革大屠殺; Guǎngxī Wéngé Dàtúshā), was a series of events involving lynching and direct massacre in Guangxi during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).[2][1][3][4][5][6] The official record shows an estimated death toll of 100,000 to 150,000.[1][6] Methods of slaughter included beheading, beating, live burial, stoning, drowning, boiling, and disemboweling.[1][7]
In certain areas including Wuxuan County and Wuming District, massive human cannibalism occurred even though no famine existed.[1][3][4][8] According to public records available, at least 137 people—perhaps hundreds more—were eaten by others and at least thousands of people participated in the cannibalism.[5][9] Other researchers have pointed out that 421 victims who could be identified by name were eaten, and there were reports of cannibalism across dozens of counties in Guangxi.[6][9][10] Although the cannibalism was sponsored by local offices of the Communist Party and militia, no direct evidence suggests that anyone in the national Communist Party leadership including Mao Zedong endorsed the cannibalism or even knew of it.[5][9][11] However, some scholars have pointed out that Wuxuan County, through internal channels, had notified the central leadership about the cannibalism in 1968.[10]
After the Cultural Revolution, people who were involved in the massacre or cannibalism received legal punishments during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period. In Wuxuan County where at least 38 people were eaten, fifteen participants were prosecuted, receiving up to 14 years in prison, while ninety-one members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were expelled from the party and thirty-nine non-party officials were either demoted or had a salary cut.[1][4][5][7][11]
^ abcdefgYan, Lebin. "我参与处理广西文革遗留问题" [The remaining issues I participated in handling regarding the Cultural Revolution in Guangxi]. Yanhuang Chunqiu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
^Walder, Andrew G. (2022). "Anatomy of a Regional Civil War: Guangxi, China, 1967–1968". Social Science History. 46: 35–63. doi:10.1017/ssh.2021.42. ISSN 0145-5532. S2CID 245049438.
^ abSong, Yongyi (2011-08-25). "Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)". Sciences Po. Archived from the original on 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ abcSutton, Donald S. (1995). "Consuming Counterrevolution: The Ritual and Culture of Cannibalism in Wuxuan, Guangxi, China, May to July 1968". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 37 (1): 136–172. doi:10.1017/S0010417500019575. ISSN 0010-4175. JSTOR 179381. S2CID 145660553.
^ abcdKristof, Nicholas D. (1993-01-06). "A Tale of Red Guards and Cannibals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ abc"Interview: 'People Were Eaten by The Revolutionary Masses'". Radio Free Asia. 2016-04-29. Archived from the original on 2023-04-10. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ ab"How political hatred during Cultural Revolution led to murder and cannibalism in a small town in China". South China Morning Post. 2016-05-11. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^Southerl, Daniel (1996-07-07). "Devouring Their Own". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ abc"Cannibalism in China 50 years on". Radio France Internationale. 2016-05-22. Archived from the original on 2023-04-16. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ abCite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abRudolph, Barbara (2001-06-24). "Unspeakable Crimes". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 2023-04-28.
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