Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, Rafael Caro Quintero, Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, Juan José Esparragoza Moreno
Founding location
Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico[3][2]
Years active
1980–1989
Territory
Mexico: Jalisco, Tijuana, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Nayarit, San Luis Potosí, Colima, Sonora, Zacatecas
Ethnicity
Mexican
Criminal activities
Drug trafficking, money laundering, extortion, murder, torture, arms trafficking and political corruption.
Allies
Tijuana Cartel Medellín Cartel Cali Cartel Norte del Valle Cartel Sinaloa Cartel Juárez Cartel Sonora Cartel
Rivals
Gulf Cartel DEA
The Guadalajara Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Guadalajara) also known as The Federation (Spanish: La Federación) was a Mexican drug cartel which was formed in 1980 by Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, Rafael Caro Quintero, and Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo in order to ship cocaine and marijuana to the United States.[4][5] Among the first of the Mexican drug trafficking groups to work with the Colombian cocaine mafias, the Guadalajara Cartel prospered from the cocaine trade.[6] Throughout the 1980s, the cartel controlled much of the drug trafficking in Mexico and the corridors along the Mexico–United States border.[4][2] It had operations in various regions in Mexico which included the states of Jalisco, Baja California, Colima, Sonora, Chihuahua and Sinaloa among others. Multiple modern present day drug cartels (or their remnants) such as the Tijuana, Juárez and Sinaloa cartels originally started out as branches or "plazas" of the Guadalajara Cartel before its eventual disintegration.[7][8]
^McRae, Patricia B. (1998). "Reconceptualizing the Illegal Narcotics Trade and Its Effect on the Colombian and the Mexican State". Muhlenberg College - Department of Political Science. Historical Text Archive. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
^ abcBowden, Charles 2002, p. 136.
^Campbell, Howard 2010, p. 283.
^ abShannon, Elaine (1988). Desperados: Latin drug lords, U.S. lawmen, and the war America can't win. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-81026-0.
^Rohter, Larry (April 16, 1989). "In Mexico, Drug Roots Run Deep". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
^Cockburn, Alexander & St-Clair, Jeffrey (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press. Verso. p. 349. ISBN 9781859841396.
^Edmonds-Poli & Shirk 2009, p. 262.
^Poppa, Terrance (2009). "Amado Carrillo Fuentes". Archived from the original on 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
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