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Mexican drug war information


Mexican drug war
Part of the war on drugs

The Mexican military detaining suspects in Michoacán, 2007
DateDecember 11, 2006 (2006-12-11) – present
(17 years, 4 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
Throughout Mexico, with occasional spillover across international borders into Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California,[9][10] and also into the Central and South American countries of El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Guatemala[11][12][13]
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

Mexico Mexico

  • Armed Forces
  • National Guard
    (2019–present)
  • Federal Police
    (2006–2019)
  • State and municipal police forces
  • Self-defense groups[1]

Consulting and training support by:

  • United States United States through the Mérida Initiative
  • Colombia Colombia through the National Police of Colombia
  • Australia Australia through the Australian Federal Police[2]
  • Canada Canada through the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's Anti-Crime Capacity Building Program (ACCBP)[3]

Guerrilla groups:

Mexican drug war Popular Revolutionary Army[4] (EPR)
Mexican drug war Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN)

Mexican cartels:

  • Mexican drug war Sinaloa Cartel[5]
  • Mexican drug war CJNG
  • LNFM
    • Los Viagras

Weakened and defunct cartels:

  • Mexican drug war Gulf Cartel[6]
    • Los Metros[7]
  • LFM[6]
  • CSRL
  • Los Zetas[6]
  • Juárez Cartel[6]
  • Tijuana Cartel
  • Cárteles Unidos
  • La Barredora
  • La Unión Tepito
  • Milenio Cartel
    (2006–2010)[8]
  • BLO (2006–2017)[6]
  • CIDA[6] (2010–2014)
  • Knights Templar Cartel
    (2011–2017)[6]
Commanders and leaders
  • Mexico Felipe Calderón (2006–2012)
  • Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)
  • Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2018–present)
  • Mexico Guillermo Galván (2006–2012)
  • Mexico Salvador Cienfuegos (2012–2018)
  • Mexico Luis Cresencio Sandoval (2018–present)
  • Mexico Mariano Francisco Saynez (2006–2012)
  • Mexico Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz (2012–2018)
  • Mexico José Rafael Ojeda (2018–present)
  • Mexican drug war "El Mayo"
  • Mexican drug war "El Chapo" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Vicentillo" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Chapito"
  • Mexican drug war "El Ratón" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Coss" (incarcerated)
  • "El Viceroy" (incarcerated)
  • "El Ingeniero" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "La Tuta" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Chango" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Tío" (incarcerated)
  • "El General" (incarcerated)
  • "El Grande" (incarcerated)
  • "La Barbie" (incarcerated)
  • "La Jefa"
  • "El Teo" (incarcerated)
  • "El Ingeniero" (incarcerated)
  • "El Z-40" (incarcerated)
  • "El Z-42" (incarcerated)
  • "El L-50" (incarcerated)
  • "El Goyo" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Mencho"
  • Mexican drug war "El 85" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Cuini" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Menchito" (incarcerated)
  • Mexican drug war "El Tony Montana" (incarcerated)
  • "El Marro" (incarcerated)
Strength

Mexican drug war Mexico

  • 368,000 police officers[14]
  • 277,000 Soldiers[15]
  • 107,000 National Guard members
  • 23,300 Self-defense group
  • 9,000 Guerrillas group
 Cartels:
  • 100,000+ individuals[16][17][18]
Casualties and losses
Mexican drug war Mexico:
  • 400 servicemen killed and 137 missing[19]
  • 4,038 federal, state, and municipal police killed[20]
  • 66 members of the Policía Comunitaria killed[21]

Mexican drug war EPR:

  • 2 EPR members killed[22]
 Cartels:
  • 12,456 cartel members killed (2006–2010)[23]
  • 121,199 cartel members detained (2006–2009)[24]
  • 8,500 cartel members convicted (2006–2010)[25]
Total casualties:
  • 41,034 dead in war conflicts between identified parties 2006–Present[26] (total 350,000–400,000 dead from organized crime homicides 2006–Present)[27]
  • 60,000+ missing[28]
Part of a series on the
History of Mexico
Pre-Columbian
The New Spain
  • Spanish-Aztec War
  • Viceroyalty of New Spain
  • War of Independence
  • First Empire
First Republic
  • Centralist Republic
  • Texas Revolution
  • Pastry War
  • Mexican–American War
Second Federal Republic
  • La Reforma
  • Reform War
  • French intervention
1864–1928
  • Second Mexican Empire
  • Restored Republic
  • The Porfiriato
  • Revolution
  • La decena trágica
  • Plan of Guadalupe
  • Tampico Affair
  • Occupation of Veracruz
  • Cristero War
Modern
  • Maximato (1928–1934)
  • Petroleum nationalization
  • Mexican miracle
  • Mexican Dirty War
  • Mexican Movement of 1968
  • La Década Perdida
  • 1982 economic crisis
  • Chiapas conflict
  • Mexican peso crisis
  • PRI downfall
  • Mexican drug war
  • Coronavirus pandemic
Timeline
flag Mexico portal
  • v
  • t
  • e

The Mexican drug war (also known as the Mexican war on drugs; Spanish: Guerra contra el narcotráfico en México, shortened to and commonly known inside Mexico as War against the narco; Spanish: Guerra contra el narco)[29] is an ongoing asymmetric[30][31] low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military intervened in 2006, the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence.[32] The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is dismantling the cartels and preventing drug trafficking. The conflict has been described as the Mexican theater of the global war on drugs, as led by the United States federal government.[33]

Violence escalated after the arrest of Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo in 1989. He was the leader and the co-founder of the first major Mexican drug cartel; the Guadalajara Cartel, an alliance of the current existing cartels (which included the Sinaloa Cartel, the Juarez Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, and the Sonora Cartel with Aldair Mariano as the leader). After his arrest, the alliance broke and high-ranking members formed their own cartels, fighting for control of territory and trafficking routes.

Although Mexican drug trafficking organizations have existed for several decades, their influence increased[34][35] after the demise of the Colombian Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s. By 2007, Mexican drug cartels controlled 90% of the cocaine entering the United States.[36][37] Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States.[38][39][40]

Federal law enforcement has been reorganized at least five times since 1982 in various attempts to control corruption and reduce cartel violence. During the same period, there have been at least four elite special forces created as new, corruption-free soldiers who could do battle with Mexico's endemic bribery system.[41] Analysts estimate that wholesale earnings from illicit drug sales range from $13.6 to $49.4 billion annually.[36][42][43] The U.S. Congress passed legislation in late June 2008 to provide Mexico with US$1.6 billion for the Mérida Initiative as well as technical advice to strengthen the national justice systems. By the end of President Felipe Calderón's administration (December 1, 2006 – November 30, 2012), the official death toll of the Mexican drug war was at least 60,000.[44] Estimates set the death toll above 120,000 killed by 2013, not including 27,000 missing.[45][46] Since taking office in 2018, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador declared that the war was over. His comment was criticized, as the homicide rate remains high.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference mexico.cnn.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "A new post combating an ever-evolving threat". Australian Federal Police (AFP). May 11, 2018.
  3. ^ "Security".
  4. ^ "How Mexico's guerrilla army stayed clear of organized crime". www.insightcrime.org. January 9, 2012.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference autogenerated6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference ReferenceC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Las alianzas criminales del CJNG para expandirse en México". 9 October 2019.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lm3zb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference businessinsider.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference QwP8a was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference q2pTF was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference oVZ66 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ "Why is Honduras so violent". Insight Crime. October 2015.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wilson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference LA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference El Universal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Police Reform was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". ucdp.uu.se. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  22. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". ucdp.uu.se. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference VSED7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference informe 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2vI58 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ "Mexico - UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". ucdp.uu.se. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  27. ^ José Luis Pardo Veiras and Íñigo Arredondo (June 14, 2021). "Una Guerra Inventada y 350,000 Muertos en México". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  28. ^ "Mexican drug war's hidden human toll includes 61,000 disappeared". Reuters. 7 January 2020.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference 8GDrc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference RPJZI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference JgtBN was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference z07ip was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Dilanian, Ken (17 March 2023). "Drug war cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico is at its lowest point in decades. What went wrong?". NBC News. National Broadcasting Company. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference 5cBhN was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Cite error: The named reference HNU9G was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  36. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference CollenCook7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference Vulliamy 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ Cite error: The named reference progress was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  39. ^ Cite error: The named reference L2QWa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  40. ^ Cite error: The named reference HzeyQ was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference sPnCp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  42. ^ Cite error: The named reference uH1cd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  43. ^ Cite error: The named reference spread was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  44. ^ Cite error: The named reference washingtonpost.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  45. ^ Cite error: The named reference JTx4M was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  46. ^ Cite error: The named reference F575R was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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