Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands information
See also: Marsh gas
Source of gas emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands of concern consist primarily of methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane in the world, and are therefore a major area of concern with respect to climate change.[1][2][3] Wetlands account for approximately 20–30% of atmospheric methane through emissions from soils and plants, and contribute an approximate average of 161 Tg of methane to the atmosphere per year.[4]
Wetlands are characterized by water-logged soils and distinctive communities of plant and animal species that have adapted to the constant presence of water. This high level of water saturation creates conditions conducive to methane production. Most methanogenesis, or methane production, occurs in oxygen-poor environments. Because the microbes that live in warm, moist environments consume oxygen more rapidly than it can diffuse in from the atmosphere, wetlands are the ideal anaerobic environments for fermentation as well as methanogen activity. However, levels of methanogenesis fluctuates due to the availability of oxygen, soil temperature, and the composition of the soil. A warmer, more anaerobic environment with soil rich in organic matter would allow for more efficient methanogenesis.[5]
Some wetlands are a significant source of methane emissions[6][7] and some are also emitters of nitrous oxide.[8][9] Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 300 times that of carbon dioxide and is the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century.[10] Wetlands can also act as a sink for greenhouse gases.[11]
^Houghton, J. T., et al. (Eds.) (2001) Projections of future climate change, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 881 pp.
^Comyn-Platt, Edward (2018). "Carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2 °C targets lowered by natural wetland and permafrost feedbacks" (PDF). Nature. 11 (8): 568–573. Bibcode:2018NatGe..11..568C. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0174-9. S2CID 134078252.
^Bridgham, Scott D.; Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby; Keller, Jason K.; Zhuang, Qianlai (May 2013). "Methane emissions from wetlands: biogeochemical, microbial, and modeling perspectives from local to global scales". Global Change Biology. 19 (5): 1325–1346. Bibcode:2013GCBio..19.1325B. doi:10.1111/gcb.12131. PMID 23505021. S2CID 14228726.
^Saunois, Marielle; Stavert, Ann R.; Poulter, Ben; Bousquet, Philippe; Canadell, Josep G.; Jackson, Robert B.; Raymond, Peter A.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Houweling, Sander; Patra, Prabir K.; Ciais, Philippe; Arora, Vivek K.; Bastviken, David; Bergamaschi, Peter; Blake, Donald R. (2020-07-15). "The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 1561–1623. doi:10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020. ISSN 1866-3508.
^Christensen, T. R., A. Ekberg, L. Strom, M. Mastepanov, N. Panikov, M. Oquist, B. H. Svenson, H. Nykanen, P. J. Martikainen, and H. Oskarsson (2003), Factors controlling large scale variations in methane emissions from wetlands, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1414, doi:10.1029/2002GL016848.
^Masso, Luana S.; Marani, Luciano; Gatti, Luciana V.; Miller, John B.; Gloor, Manuel; Melack, John; Cassol, Henrique L. G.; Tejada, Graciela; Domingues, Lucas G.; Arai, Egidio; Sanchez, Alber H.; Corrêa, Sergio M.; Anderson, Liana; Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.; Correa, Caio S. C.; Crispim, Stephane P.; Neves, Raiane A. L. (29 November 2021). "Amazon methane budget derived from multi-year airborne observations highlights regional variations in emissions". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 246. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..246B. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00314-4. S2CID 244711959.
^Tiwari, Shashank; Singh, Chhatarpal; Singh, Jay Shankar (2020). "Wetlands: A Major Natural Source Responsible for Methane Emission". In Upadhyay, Atul Kumar; Singh, Ranjan; Singh, D. P. (eds.). Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory Towards a Sustainable Environment. Singapore: Springer. pp. 59–74. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7665-8_5. ISBN 978-981-13-7665-8. S2CID 198421761.
^Bange, Hermann W. (2006). "Nitrous oxide and methane in European coastal waters". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 70 (3): 361–374. Bibcode:2006ECSS...70..361B. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.042.
^Thompson, A. J.; Giannopoulos, G.; Pretty, J.; Baggs, E. M.; Richardson, D. J. (2012). "Biological sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and strategies to mitigate emissions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 367 (1593): 1157–1168. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0415. PMC 3306631. PMID 22451101.
^Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, John S.; Portmann, Robert W. (2009). "Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century". Science. 326 (5949): 123–125. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..123R. doi:10.1126/science.1176985. PMID 19713491. S2CID 2100618.
^Sonwani, Saurabh; Saxena, Pallavi (2022-01-21). Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation. Springer Nature. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-981-16-4482-5.
and 26 Related for: Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands information
Greenhousegas (GHG) emissionsfrom human activities intensify the greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), from burning...
global greenhousegasemissions. Emissions come from direct greenhousegasemissions (for example from rice production and livestock farming). and from indirect...
Increasing methane emissions are a major contributor to the rising concentration of greenhousegases in Earth's atmosphere, and are responsible for up...
article is a list of locations and entities by greenhousegasemissions, i.e. the greenhousegasemissionsfrom companies, activities, and countries on Earth...
conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran...
EPA 2020: "Greenhousegasemissionsfrom industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhousegasemissionsfrom certain chemical...
of all CO2 emissions. Greenhousegasemissionsfromwetlands of concern consist primarily of methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Wetlands are the largest...
compensate for (i.e. "offset") their greenhousegasemissions by investing in projects that reduce, avoid, or remove emissions elsewhere. When an entity invests...
resulting from COVID-19 added to this effect. In 2020, carbon dioxide emissions fell by 6.4% or 2.3 billion tonnes globally. Greenhousegasemissions rebounded...
decrease its emissions by 33% by 2030, and to be carbon-neutral by 2050. Italy currently generates 11% of the European Union's greenhousegasemissions, but have...
: 2221 This process is also known as carbon removal, greenhousegas removal or negative emissions. CDR is more and more often integrated into climate policy...
prior clearing of forest in the flooded area was undertaken, greenhousegasemissionsfrom the reservoir could be higher than those of a conventional oil-fired...
activity. Some sources of a trace gas are biogenic processes, outgassing from solid Earth, ocean emissions, industrial emissions, and in situ formation. A few...
443 Global anthropogenic greenhousegasemissions in 2019 were equivalent to 59 billion tonnes of CO2. Of these emissions, 75% was CO2, 18% was methane...
and trade (CAT) or emissions trading scheme (ETS). One prominent example is carbon emission trading for CO2 and other greenhousegases which is a tool for...
agriculture, in particular meat production, can cause pollution, greenhousegasemissions, biodiversity loss, disease, and significant consumption of land...
an emissions budget or quota, or allowable emissions. Apart from limiting the global temperature increase, another objective of such an emissions budget...
runaway greenhouse effect will occur when a planet's atmosphere contains greenhousegas in an amount sufficient to block thermal radiation from leaving...
how much global temperatures will increase for a given amount of greenhousegasemissions. Positive feedbacks amplify global warming while negative feedbacks...
pollution source contradicted President Joe Biden's promises to slash greenhousegasemissions in half by 2030 and transition the United States to clean energy;...
paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, greenhousegasemissions, fossil fuel consumption and clean up its influence on local water...
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhousegases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature...
documents greenhousegas (GHG) emissions between 1990 and 2014 for the EU-28 individual member states by IPCC sector. Total greenhousegasemissions fell by...
"Climate Change - GreenhouseGasEmissions". Epa.gov. June 28, 2006. Retrieved September 22, 2011. "State Emissions - State GreenhouseGas Inventories | Climate...
feedback (meaning one that amplifies warming), as methane is a powerful greenhousegas. The Arctic region is one of many natural sources of methane. Climate...