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Greek fire information


Στόλος Ρωμαίων πυρπολῶν τὸν τῶν ἐναντίων στόλον, "The Roman fleet burn the opposite fleet down" – A Eastern Roman Empire / Byzantine war ship using their "secret weapon" Greek Fire against a ship belonging to the rebel Thomas the Slav, AD 821. (12th century illustration from the "Madrid Skylitzes").

Greek fire was an incendiary chemical weapon manufactured in and used by the Eastern Roman Empire from the seventh through the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded state secret, but historians speculate it may have been made by combining pine resin, naphtha, quicklime, calcium phosphide, sulfur, or niter. Roman sailors would toss grenades loaded with Greek fire onto enemy ships or spray it from tubes. Its ability to burn on water made it an effective and destructive naval incendiary weapon, and rival powers tried unsuccessfully to copy the material.

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Greek fire

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Greek fire was an incendiary chemical weapon manufactured in and used by the Eastern Roman Empire from the seventh through the fourteenth centuries. The...

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Greek fires

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Greek fires and similar terms may refer to: Fires in Greece Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 2007 Greek forest fires 2009 Greek forest fires 2012 Chios...

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Greek forest fires

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Greek forest fires may refer to: 2007 Greek forest fires 2009 Greek forest fires 2012 Chios Forest Fire Greek fires (disambiguation) This disambiguation...

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Fire

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turbines. The use of fire in warfare has a long history. Fire was the basis of all early thermal weapons. The Byzantine fleet used Greek fire to attack ships...

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2007 Greek forest fires

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The 2007 Greek forest fires were a series of massive forest fires that broke out in several areas across Greece throughout the summer of 2007. The most...

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Early thermal weapons

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utilised as army strategy. Incendiary mixtures, such as the petroleum-based Greek fire, could be launched by throwing machines or administered through a siphon...

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List of fire gods

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of deities in fire worship. Nyambe, god of the sun, fire and change Nzambi Mpungu (Kalûnga), god of the sun, fire, sky and change Ra, fire god of the sun...

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History of Greece

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The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas...

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2023 Greece wildfires

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of smoke. Greece portal List of wildfires 2007 Greek forest fires 2009 Greek forest fires 2009 Mediterranean wildfires 2012 Chios Forest Fire 2018 Attica...

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Greek War of Independence

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The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries...

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Holy Fire

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The Holy Fire (Greek: Ἃγιον Φῶς, "Holy Light") is a ceremony that occurs every year at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem on Great Saturday...

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Fire lance

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(1960), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Cambridge, UK: W. Heffer & Sons. Partington, J. R. (1999), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Baltimore:...

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Fire ship

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Battle of Cape Bon (468). The invention of Greek fire in 673 increased the use of fire ships, at first by the Greeks and afterward by other nations as they...

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Burning of Smyrna

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than three years after the Greek landing of troops at Smyrna. Estimated Greek and Armenian deaths resulting from the fire range from 10,000 to 125,000...

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Hellenic Fire Service

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Hellenic Fire Service (Greek: Πυροσβεστικό Σώμα, romanized: Pyrosvestiko Soma - Firefighting Uniformed Corps of Greece) is the national fire and rescue...

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Flamethrower

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flamethrower. Byzantines also used ceramic hand grenades filled with Greek fire. Greek fire, used primarily at sea, gave the Byzantines a substantial military...

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Fire arrow

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flames, and were therefore harder to put out, similar to Greek fire. However unlike Greek fire, gunpowder's physical properties are solid rather than liquid...

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List of Greek inventions and discoveries

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sculpture, Olympic Games, Western philosophy, ancient Greek law, Greek mythology, Greek food and the Greek Alphabet. The following is a list of inventions,...

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Medieval Greek

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Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the...

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Greek mythology

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Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology...

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Byzantine science

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and Military History”. ABC-CLIO. Page 450. "Greek Fire Grenades". World History Encyclopedia. "Greek Fire". World History Encyclopedia. Decker, Michael...

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Greek contributions to the Islamic world

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mostly Greek and Egyptian, but also Jewish, Persian, Phoenician scholars. Most of the mathematical texts written in Greek have been found in Greece, Egypt...

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Adrienne Mayor

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Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times (Princeton University Press 2000; rev. 2011) — ISBN 0-691-08977-9 Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion...

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2009 Greek forest fires

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The 2009 Greek forest fires were a series of massive wildfires that broke out across several areas in Greece during the summer of 2009. The fires began in...

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7th century

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Toothbrush in China during the Tang Dynasty 672: Greek fire in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire: Greek fire, an incendiary weapon likely based on petroleum...

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Naphtha

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olive oil (Mishnah Shabbat 2). In Ancient Greek, it was used to refer to any sort of petroleum or pitch. The Greek word νάφθα designates one of the materials...

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