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Great Salinity Anomaly information


The Great Salinity Anomaly (GSA) originally referred to an event in the late 1960s to early 1970s where a large influx of freshwater from the Arctic Ocean led to a salinity anomaly in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, which affected the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.[1] Since then, the term "Great Salinity Anomaly" has been applied to successive occurrences of the same phenomenon, including the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1980s[2] and the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1990s.[3] The Great Salinity Anomalies were advective events, propagating to different sea basins and areas of the North Atlantic, and is on the decadal-scale for the anomalies in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.

  1. ^ Dima, Mihai; Lohmann, Gerrit. Causes and Consequences of the Late 1960s Great Salinity Anomaly, Planet Earth 2011 - Global Warming Challenges and Opportunities for Policy and Practice. InTech. ISBN 978-953-307-733-8.
  2. ^ Belkin, Igor M (1998). ""Great Salinity Anomalies" in the North Atlantic". Progress in Oceanography. 41 (1): 1–68. Bibcode:1998PrOce..41....1B. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00015-9.
  3. ^ Belkin, Igor M (2004). "Propagation of the "Great Salinity Anomaly" of the 1990s around the northern North Atlantic". Geophysical Research Letters. 31 (8). Bibcode:2004GeoRL..31.8306B. doi:10.1029/2003GL019334. S2CID 128813097.

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Great Salinity Anomaly

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the Pacific Ocean off the coast of North America (circulation) Great Salinity Anomaly – A significant disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater...

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South Pacific. Dima, Lohann and Rimbu (2015) proposed that the Great Salinity Anomaly in the North Atlantic after 1970 modified the Pacific climate through...

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North Sea. Due to the difference in salinity, by salinity permeation principle, a sub-surface layer of more saline water moving in the opposite direction...

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higher salinity. Sea ice is about three times the annual river flow into the bay, and its annual freezing and thawing significantly alters the salinity of...

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Fresh water

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per million (ppm) of dissolved salts. Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1,000 ppm or 3,000 ppm. Fresh water habitats...

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Coral

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as they grow. Geochemical anomalies within the crystalline structures of corals represent functions of temperature, salinity and oxygen isotopic composition...

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water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 9% salinity). Beginning in 2010, remote sensing technologies and...

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Pingualuit crater

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fresh water in the world, with a salinity level of less than 3 ppm (by comparison, the salinity level of the Great Lakes is 500 ppm). It is one of the...

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Atlantic Ocean

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river inflow and sea ice melting influence surface salinity values. Although the lowest salinity values are just north of the equator (because of heavy...

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Arctic Ocean

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Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major...

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Mixed layer

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there may be an abrupt salinity change called a halocline that occurs as well. The combined influence of temperature and salinity changes results in an...

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Gulf Stream

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Coast of the United States may be more vulnerable to large sea-level anomalies, which significantly impact rates of coastal erosion. The Gulf Stream...

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Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

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great depths in the Atlantic Ocean. These currents are driven by changes in the atmospheric weather as well as by changes in temperature and salinity...

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Spanish flu

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several explanations for the high mortality, including a six-year climate anomaly affecting migration of disease vectors with increased likelihood of spread...

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Land clearing in Australia

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the water quality around the Great Barrier Reef. Another consequence of land clearing is dryland salinity. Dryland salinity is the movement of salt to the...

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Weddell Sea Bottom Water

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temperature of -0.7 °C or colder. It consists of a higher salinity branch and a lower salinity branch. It originates in the Weddell Sea and closely follows...

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Chesapeake Bay

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Retrieved 2010-10-29. "Figure 1. Map of the Chesapeake Bay and salinity zones. Salinity zones..." ResearchGate. "The Big Freeze". Time. 1977-01-31. Archived...

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Physical oceanography

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where evaporation raises salinity in the tropics, or meltwater dilutes it in polar regions. These variations of salinity and temperature with depth...

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Little Ice Age

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records of Lake Surprise's salinity levels reveal high humidity levels around from 1440 to 1880, and an increase in salinity from 1860 to 1880 points to...

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Ocean heat content

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well-behaved sequence of in-situ data; including temperature (t), pressure (p), salinity (s) and their corresponding density (ρ). Conservative temperature Θ ( z...

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Lincoln Sea

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were underway, implementing instrumentation that captured temperature and salinity profiles well into the heart of the Lincoln Sea. Taken just east of where...

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Lake Chad

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(509 ft) above sea level. This takes away most of the salinity and maintains the low salinity of Lake Chad. The southwestern waters of Lake Chad being...

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Effects of climate change on oceans

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increase in salinity shows that evaporation is increasing even more. The same goes for regions of low salinity that are becoming less saline, which indicates...

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Nile

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been discovered within these sediments. During the late-Miocene Messinian salinity crisis, when the Mediterranean Sea was a closed basin and evaporated to...

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wavelengths reveal larger scale surface information, e.g. regional thermal anomalies, surface roughness, etc. Such techniques are particularly beneficial for...

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Diel vertical migration

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cycles accompanied by salinity changes, estuaries for example, may see vertical migration in some species of zooplankton. Salinity has also been proposed...

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