Einstein ring Formalism Strong lensing Microlensing Weak lensing
Strong lens systems
Abell 1689
Abell 2218 CL0024+17
Bullet Cluster QSO2237+0305
SDSSJ0946+1006 B1359+154
QSO 0957+561
Surveys
Strong: CLASS
SLACS
SDSS
Micro: OGLE
Gaia Weak: DLS
Pan-STARRS
CFHTLS
DES
LSST
SNAP
DESTINY
v
t
e
General relativity
Introduction
History
Timeline
Tests
Mathematical formulation
Fundamental concepts
Equivalence principle
Special relativity
World line
Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
Phenomena
Kepler problem
Gravitational lensing
Gravitational redshift
Gravitational time dilation
Gravitational waves
Frame-dragging
Geodetic effect
Event horizon
Singularity
Black hole
Spacetime
Spacetime diagrams
Minkowski spacetime
Einstein–Rosen bridge
Equations
Formalisms
Equations
Linearized gravity
Einstein field equations
Friedmann
Geodesics
Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon
Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein
Formalisms
ADM
BSSN
Post-Newtonian
Advanced theory
Kaluza–Klein theory
Quantum gravity
Solutions
Schwarzschild (interior)
Reissner–Nordström
Gödel
Kerr
Kerr–Newman
Kerr–Newman–de Sitter
Kasner
Lemaître–Tolman
Taub–NUT
Milne
Robertson–Walker
Oppenheimer–Snyder
pp-wave
van Stockum dust
Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou
Scientists
Einstein
Lorentz
Hilbert
Poincaré
Schwarzschild
de Sitter
Reissner
Nordström
Weyl
Eddington
Friedman
Milne
Zwicky
Lemaître
Oppenheimer
Gödel
Wheeler
Robertson
Bardeen
Walker
Kerr
Chandrasekhar
Ehlers
Penrose
Hawking
Raychaudhuri
Taylor
Hulse
van Stockum
Taub
Newman
Yau
Thorne
others
Physics portal
Category
v
t
e
A light source passes behind a gravitational lens (invisible point mass placed in the center of the image). The aqua circle is the light source as it would be seen if there were no lens, while white spots are the multiple images of the source (see Einstein ring).
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.[1][2] If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.[3][4][5][6]
Orest Khvolson (1924)[7] and Frantisek Link (1936)[8] are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912[9] and published an article on the subject in 1936.[10]
In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
^Drakeford, Jason; Corum, Jonathan; Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Einstein's Telescope - video (02:32)". New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
^Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns". New York Times. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
^Bernard F. Schutz (1985). A First Course in General Relativity (illustrated, herdruk ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-521-27703-7.
^Wolfgang Rindler (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (2nd ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-152433-2. Extract of page 21
^Gabor Kunstatter; Jeffrey G Williams; D E Vincent (1992). General Relativity And Relativistic Astrophysics - Proceedings Of The 4th Canadian Conference. World Scientific. p. 100. ISBN 978-981-4554-87-9. Extract of page 100
^Pekka Teerikorpi; Mauri Valtonen; K. Lehto; Harry Lehto; Gene Byrd; Arthur Chernin (2008). The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life: The Search for Our Cosmic Roots (illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-387-09534-9. Extract of page 165
^Turner, Christina (February 14, 2006). "The Early History of Gravitational Lensing" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2008.
^Bičák, Jiří; Ledvinka, Tomáš (2014). General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics: Perspectives 100 years after Einstein's stay in Prague (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9783319063492.
^Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 27 Related for: Gravitational lens information
gravitationallenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561. Unlike an optical lens, a point-like gravitationallens produces...
from the observer to the lens. For extragalactic lenses, these must be angular diameter distances. In strong gravitationallensing, this equation can have...
Gravitational microlensing is an astronomical phenomenon caused by the gravitationallens effect. It can be used to detect objects that range from the...
images associated with strong gravitationallensing. Most lines of sight in the universe are thoroughly in the weak lensing regime, in which the deflection...
gravitationallens or solar gravity lens (SGL) is a theoretical method of using the Sun as a large lens with a physical effect called gravitational lensing...
to the Earth. Due to gravitationallensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. If source, lens, and observer are all...
Strong gravitationallensing is a gravitationallensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings. Generally, for...
physics. Gravitation, also known as gravitational attraction, is the mutual attraction between all masses in the universe. Gravity is the gravitational attraction...
and the propagation of light, and include gravitational time dilation, gravitationallensing, the gravitational redshift of light, the Shapiro time delay...
effects occur in the context of formation and evolution of galaxies, gravitationallensing, the observable universe's current structure, mass position in galactic...
1919. It is a quasar that appears as two images, a result from gravitationallensing caused by the galaxy YGKOW G1 that is located directly between Earth...
observation of effects caused by a strong gravitational field in their vicinity. One such effect is gravitationallensing: The deformation of spacetime around...
effects of gravity, such as gravitational waves, gravitationallensing and an effect of gravity on time known as gravitational time dilation. Many of these...
see) appear in the middle of the foreground galaxy due to strong gravitationallensing. This system was discovered by John Huchra and coworkers in 1985...
of the perihelion of Mercury, the bending of light in gravitational fields, and the gravitational redshift. The precession of Mercury was already known;...
The Optical GravitationalLensing Experiment (OGLE) is a Polish astronomical project based at the University of Warsaw that runs a long-term variability...
principle of equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass and uses it to predict gravitationallensing and gravitational redshift, historically known...
Keck Telescope revealed that this system is gravitationallylensed. A study of the gravitationallensing of this system suggests that the light emitted...
The gravitational constant (also known as the universal gravitational constant, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, or the Cavendish gravitational constant)...
a characteristic angle for gravitationallensing in general, as typical distances between images in gravitationallensing are of the order of the Einstein...
A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime...
also used for their strong gravitational potential as gravitationallenses to boost the reach of telescopes. The gravitational distortion of space-time...
the gravitational potential of a straight string vanishes: there is no gravitational force on static surrounding matter. The only gravitational effect...
5 kpc rising to 360 km s−1 at 20 kpc distance. The BCG also acts as a gravitationallens, bending the light of a more distant background galaxy (at redshift...
perturbations, but are generated by gravitational waves during cosmic inflation shortly after the big bang. However, gravitationallensing of the stronger E-modes...
to discover the existence of a gravitational anomaly, which he termed dunkle Materie 'dark matter'. The gravitational anomaly surfaced due to the excessive...
Global Information
