This article is about a medieval kingdom in Sylhet. For the earlier Bengali kingdom, see Gauda Kingdom.
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Kingdom of Gour
600-900–1303
Capital
Borchola (first), Bank of Malini stream (royal) and Mona Rai hill (minister)
Languages
Sanskrit, Prakrit
Religion
Hinduism (official)
Government
Monarchy
Raja
• 630-660
Gurak (first (legendary))
• 1260-1303
Gour Govinda (last)
Chief minister
• 630-660
Marbel (first)
• 1060-1100
Vanamali Kar
• 1250-1260
Madan Rai
• 1260-1303
Mona Rai (last)
Historical era
Classical period
• Established
600-900
• Disestablished
1303
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Jaintia Kingdom
Taraf Kingdom
Lakhnauti Sultanate
Today part of
Bangladesh
Part of a series on the
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The Kingdom of Gour was one of the greater of the many petty kingdoms of the medieval Sylhet region. According to legend, it was founded by Gurak, off-shooting from Kamarupa's Jaintia Kingdom in 630. Much of its early history is considered legendary or mythological up until Navagirvana who is mentioned in the Bhatera copper-plate inscriptions. The Kings of Gour are described as patrons of Hindu revivalism in what was previously a predominantly Buddhist and animist populated land.
The 11th century king Govinda-Rana Kesava Deva is recognised for introducing the navadinga (nine war boats) and heavily improving the kingdom's infantry, cavalry, and elephant power.[1]
Due to familial tensions, the kingdom split into two separate kingdoms in 1170; Gour (Northern Sylhet) and Brahmachal (Southern Sylhet), before being reunited by Raja Govardhan in the early years of his reign. However, this would be short-lasted as during Govardhan's reign, the kingdom would suffer attacks from neighbouring kingdoms of all directions; eventually leading to the latter's death and the annexation of Brahmachal from Gour to Twipra. Gour Govinda would be the last king to succeed him. In contrast to Govardhan, he would revive Gour back into a regional superpower, warding off all potential enemies, regaining lost territory, introducing defensive strategies like archery in war for the first time in Bengal's history and improving Gour's military status.[2] Noted as a Hindu Revivalist, Gour Govinda encouraged the Hindu way of life . The kingdom came to an end after the Islamic conquest of Sylhet in 1303 led by Sikandar Khan Ghazi, Syed Nasiruddin and Shah Jalal, leading to the flight of Govinda and the royal family, and the subsequent incorporation of Sylhet with mainland Muslim Bengal ruled by Sultan Shamsuddin Firuz Shah.[3]
^Cite error: The named reference gupta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference potro was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^North East India History Association. Session (1980). Proceedings of the North East India History Association. The Association. p. 73. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
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apparent of King Govardhan of Gour, he is known for his participation in the Conquest of Sylhet. Garuda was born in the Gour royal palace to Raja Govardhan...
relics of a predecessor kingdom being used in the monuments of the successor kingdoms. It had been within the limits of ancient Gour and Pandua (Pundrabardhana)...
minister of medieval Sylhet's GourKingdom. He was described to have been very sharp and "shrewd". Appointed as Chief Minister of Gour, Madan Rai was stationed...
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long-lasted conflict between northern GourKingdom and southern Brahmachal, continued to trouble the land. Raja Govardhan of Gour, wanted to infiltrate Brahmachal...