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Portuguese colonial Brazil gold coin from the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais
Gold mining in Brazil has taken place continually in the Amazon since the 1690s, and has been important to the economies of Brazil and surrounding countries. In the late 17th century, amid the search for indigenous people to use in the slave trade, Portuguese colonists began to recognize the abundance of gold in the Amazon, triggering what would become the longest gold rush in history. As a consequence, the area was flooded with prospectors from around the globe. Because of an already profitable agricultural operation taking place in the east, many Brazilians have been sent into the jungle as part of several agricultural reform programs. The methods and practices have changed in the following centuries and the work is often dangerous and detrimental to the surrounding ecosystems. Because artisanal mining is prohibited under federal law, the methods employed are often crude and unregulated, resulting in polluted water and massive deforestation.
More recently, partly due to the increasing price of gold, small-scale mining activity increased by 300% from 2000 to 2010.[1] Illegal miners had been emboldened by the policies of former President Jair Bolsonaro, who opposed the protection of indigenous populations living in areas targeted for mining.[2]
^"Gold Mining in the Amazon". Amazon Aid Foundation. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
^Bachega, Hugo (2021-06-23). "Illegal gold miners stalk Amazon as authorities look away". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
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