This article is about the sound in spoken language. For the letter, see Glottal stop (letter). For consonants followed by superscript ˀ, see Glottalization.
Sound made by stopping airflow in the glottis
Glottal stop
ʔ
IPA Number
113
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ʔ
Unicode (hex)
U+0294
X-SAMPA
?
Braille
Image
Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox IPA with unknown parameter "kirshenbaum"
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʔ⟩.
As a result of the obstruction of the airflow in the glottis, the glottal vibration either stops or becomes irregular with a low rate and sudden drop in intensity.[1]
^Umeda, Noriko (1978). "Occurrence of Glottal Stops in Fluent Speech". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 64 (1): 88–94. Bibcode:1978ASAJ...64...88U. doi:10.1121/1.381959. PMID 712005.
The glottalstop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or...
phenomenon is to say that a glottalstop is made simultaneously with another consonant. In certain cases, the glottalstop can even wholly replace the...
voiceless and voiced glottal fricatives. The glottalstop occurs in many languages. Often all vocalic onsets are preceded by a glottalstop, for example in...
(U+02E4 ˤ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTALSTOP) and Semiticist ⟨ˁ⟩ (U+02C1 ˁ MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTALSTOP). U+02E4 is formally a superscript...
stress and/or the presence of a final glottalstop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottalstop are indicated by a diacritic (tuldík)...
this as a glottalstop) has been variously described as a voiced epiglottal fricative, an epiglottal approximant, or a pharyngealized glottalstop. Guttural...
alternating with the glottalstop [k]~[ʔ]. The glottalstop, also being an allophone of word-final /k/, contrasts with non-glottal endings. One interesting...
a vowel may be pronounced with an epenthetic glottalstop when following a pause, though the glottalstop may not be a phoneme in the language. Few languages...
apostrophe as Xī'ān.) Furthermore, an apostrophe may be used to indicate a glottalstop in transliterations. For example: in the Arabic word Qur'an, a common...
every non-glottal Hawaiian consonant /p, k, m, n, l, w/ with glottal fricative /h/ and glottalstop /ʔ/. (See Hawaiian phonology#Glottalstop) There are...
Otherwise, if /u/ is before or after the glottalstop, a wāw with a hamzah is used: ⟨ؤ⟩. If the glottalstop occurs at the end of the word (ignoring any...
and a short one) and eight consonants: he ke la mu nu pi we ʻokina (a glottalstop). The Hawaiian language takes its name from the largest island in the...
of a true consonant, a glottalstop ([ʔ]), the sound found in the catch in uh-oh. In Arabic, the alif represents the glottalstop pronunciation when it...
and nasals are not called nasal stops, then a stop may mean the glottalstop; "plosive" may even mean non-glottalstop. In other cases, however, it may...
is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottalstop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other...
tones. The final stops of Middle Chinese have disappeared in most of these varieties, but some have merged them as a final glottalstop. Many Mandarin varieties...
in the village of Burkikhan, Dagestan has both (as well as an epiglottal stop), as presented in these audio files. Features of the voiced epiglottal trill/fricative:...
lost altogether (thus, in the revived Modern Hebrew it is reduced to a glottalstop or is omitted entirely in part due to European influence). The Phoenician...
or formal speech, where an audible hiatus (sometimes enunciated as a glottalstop) may occur between a sequence of two identical short vowels, but not...
speakers. As a result of contact with the Philippine languages, the glottalstop [ʔ] regularly manifests in the speech of most (if not all) Philippine...
treats the glottalstop as its own letter, represented by the apostrophe. Skilled players of the Australian didgeridoo restrict their glottal opening in...
the glottalstop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog, probably influenced by Spanish, where glottalstop doesn't...
with a superscript glottalstop or with an under-tilde for creaky voice. For example, the Yapese word for sick with a glottalized m could be transcribed...
The epiglottal or pharyngeal plosive (or stop) is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...
how much the glottalstop is dropped (for example aru'uka > aruuka > aruka for "I bring"). It is possible that word-internal glottalstops may have been...
the Phoenician alphabet, also written 'aleph—where it represented a glottalstop [ʔ], as Phoenician only used consonantal letters. In turn, the ancestor...
the Kwaio language includes 5 vowels and 18 consonants (including the glottalstop), which are shown below. The labialised velars (gw, kw, and ŋw) only...
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