Giulio Andreotti information

Senator for life
Giulio Andreotti
OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH
Senator for life Giulio Andreotti OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH
	Official portrait, 1991
Prime Minister of Italy
	In office; 23 July 1989 – 28 June 1992
President	Francesco Cossiga; Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
Deputy	Claudio Martelli
Preceded by	Ciriaco De Mita
Succeeded by	Giuliano Amato
	In office; 30 July 1976 – 5 August 1979
President	Giovanni Leone; Sandro Pertini
Deputy	Ugo La Malfa
Preceded by	Aldo Moro
Succeeded by	Francesco Cossiga
	In office; 18 February 1972 – 8 July 1973
President	Giovanni Leone
Deputy	Mario Tanassi
Preceded by	Emilio Colombo
Succeeded by	Mariano Rumor
Prime Minister
Ministerial offices
Minister for Cultural Heritage and Environment
	In office; 13 April 1991 – 28 June 1992
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Ferdinando Facchiano
Succeeded by	Alberto Ronchey
Minister of State Holdings
	In office; 26 December 1990 – 28 June 1992
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Franco Piga
Succeeded by	Giuseppe Guarino
Minister of Foreign Affairs
	In office; 4 August 1983 – 23 July 1989
Prime Minister	Bettino Craxi; Amintore Fanfani; Giovanni Goria; Ciriaco De Mita
Preceded by	Emilio Colombo
Succeeded by	Gianni De Michelis
Minister of the Interior
	In office; 11 May 1978 – 13 June 1978
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Francesco Cossiga
Succeeded by	Virginio Rognoni
	In office; 19 January 1954 – 10 February 1954
Prime Minister	Amintore Fanfani
Preceded by	Amintore Fanfani
Succeeded by	Mario Scelba
Minister of Budget and Economic Planning
	In office; 23 November 1974 – 30 July 1976
Prime Minister	Aldo Moro
Preceded by	Antonio Giolitti
Succeeded by	Tommaso Morlino
Minister of Defence
	In office; 15 March 1974 – 23 November 1974
Prime Minister	Mariano Rumor
Preceded by	Mario Tanassi
Succeeded by	Arnaldo Forlani
	In office; 16 February 1959 – 24 February 1966
Prime Minister	Antonio Segni; Fernando Tambroni; Amintore Fanfani; Giovanni Leone; Aldo Moro
Preceded by	Antonio Segni
Succeeded by	Roberto Tremelloni
Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts
	In office; 24 February 1966 – 13 December 1968
Prime Minister	Aldo Moro; Giovanni Leone
Preceded by	Edgardo Lami Starnuti
Succeeded by	Mario Tanassi
Minister of Treasury
	In office; 2 July 1958 – 16 February 1959
Prime Minister	Amintore Fanfani
Preceded by	Giuseppe Medici
Succeeded by	Fernando Tambroni
Minister of Finance
	In office; 6 July 1955 – 2 July 1958
Prime Minister	Antonio Segni; Adone Zoli
Preceded by	Roberto Tremelloni
Succeeded by	Luigi Preti
Secretary of the Council of Ministers
	In office; 1 June 1947 – 19 January 1954
Prime Minister	Alcide De Gasperi; Giuseppe Pella
Preceded by	Paolo Cappa
Succeeded by	Mariano Rumor
Appointed by
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Senate
	Life tenure; 1 June 1991 – 6 May 2013
Appointed by	Francesco Cossiga
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
	In office; 8 May 1948 – 31 May 1991
Constituency	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone
Member of the Constituent Assembly
	In office; 25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948
Constituency	Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone
Personal details
Born	14 January 1919; Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Died	6 May 2013 (aged 94); Rome, Italy
Political party	Christian Democracy; (1942–1994)
Other political; affiliations	Italian People's Party; (1994–2001); European Democracy; (2001–2002); Independent; (2002–2008); Union of the Centre; (2008–2013)
Spouse	Livia Danese (m. 1945)
Children	4, including Lamberto
Alma mater	Sapienza University of Rome
Profession	Politician; journalist; lawyer;
Signature

Giulio Andreotti OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH (US: /ˌɑːndreɪˈɒti/ AHN-dray-OT-ee,^[2] Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːljo andreˈɔtti]; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992),^[3] and was leader of the Christian Democracy party and its right-wing; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the Italian unification and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the First Republic.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Beginning as a protégé of Alcide De Gasperi, Andreotti achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of state over the course of a 40-year political career, being seen as a reassuring figure by the civil service, business community, and Vatican. In foreign policy, he guided Italy's European Union integration and established closer relations with the Arab world. Admirers of Andreotti saw him as having mediated political and social contradictions, enabling the transformation of a substantially rural country into the world's fifth-largest economy. Critics said he had done nothing to challenge a system of patronage that had led to pervasive corruption. Andreotti staunchly supported the Vatican and a capitalist structure, and opposed the Italian Communist Party. Following the popular Italian sentiment of the time, he supported the development of a strong European community playing host to neoliberal economics. He was not opposed to the implementation of the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund in building the European economy.^[7]

At the height of his statesman career, Andreotti was subjected to criminal prosecutions and charged with colluding with Cosa Nostra. Courts managed to prove that he was undoubtedly linked with them until 1980; however, the case was closed due to past statutes of limitations.^[8] The most sensational allegation came from prosecutors in Perugia, who charged him with ordering the murder of a journalist. He was found guilty at a trial, which led to complaints that the justice system had "gone mad". After being acquitted of all charges, in part due to statute-barred limitations,^[8] Andreotti remarked: "Apart from the Punic Wars, for which I was too young, I have been blamed for everything that's happened in Italy."^[9]

In addition to his prime ministerial posts, Andreotti served in numerous ministerial positions, among them as Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Minister of Finance (1955–1958), Minister of Treasury (1958–1959), Minister of Defence (1959–1966 and 1974), Minister of Budget and Economic Planning (1974–1976), and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1983–1989), and was a senator for life from 1991 until his death in 2013.^[3] He was also a journalist and author. Andreotti was sometimes called Divo Giulio (from Latin Divus Iulius, "Divine Julius", an epithet of Julius Caesar after his posthumous deification), or simply Il divo.^[9]

^ D'Alia, Gianpiero (14 January 2011). "Greetings, Andreotti always set an example for us". UDC official website (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
^ "Andreotti". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Giulio Andreotti (XVII Legislatura), Dati anagrafici e incarichi". Senate of the Republic (Italy) (in Italian). Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ Cite error: The named reference Sassoon 2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Andreotti, the 'Beelzebub' of Italian politics, dies at 94". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 6 May 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
^ Cornwell, Rupert (7 May 2013). "Giulio Andreotti: Politician who dominated the Italian scene for more than half century". The Independent. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
^ Irving, R. E. M. (July 1976). "Italy's Christian Democrats and European Integration". International Affairs. 52 (3): 400–416. doi:10.2307/2616553. JSTOR 2616553.
^ ^a ^b Mascali, Antonella (6 May 2013). "Andreotti morto, il tribunale disse: 'Ebbe rapporti organici con la mafia'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 4 January 2019. The court recognized him guilty of mafia-related crimes until at least 1980, but there was no proof of his relationship with organized crime after 1980.
^ ^a ^b Ceron, Andrea; Ivernizzi, Giovanna Maria (10 March 2021). "Politics by Denunciation" (PDF). University of Turin. SSRN 3802552. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

[Joined_UDC_in_2008-1] D'Alia, Gianpiero (14 January 2011). "Greetings, Andreotti always set an example for us". UDC official website (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2013.

[2] "Andreotti". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 22 August 2019.

[Sen-3] "Giulio Andreotti (XVII Legislatura), Dati anagrafici e incarichi". Senate of the Republic (Italy) (in Italian). Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[Sassoon_2013-4] Cite error: The named reference Sassoon 2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] "Andreotti, the 'Beelzebub' of Italian politics, dies at 94". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 6 May 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

[6] Cornwell, Rupert (7 May 2013). "Giulio Andreotti: Politician who dominated the Italian scene for more than half century". The Independent. Retrieved 4 January 2019.

[7] Irving, R. E. M. (July 1976). "Italy's Christian Democrats and European Integration". International Affairs. 52 (3): 400–416. doi:10.2307/2616553. JSTOR 2616553.

[FQ-8] Mascali, Antonella (6 May 2013). "Andreotti morto, il tribunale disse: 'Ebbe rapporti organici con la mafia'". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 4 January 2019. The court recognized him guilty of mafia-related crimes until at least 1980, but there was no proof of his relationship with organized crime after 1980.

[Ceron_&_Ivernizzi_2021-9] Ceron, Andrea; Ivernizzi, Giovanna Maria (10 March 2021). "Politics by Denunciation" (PDF). University of Turin. SSRN 3802552. Retrieved 4 February 2022.

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