Girih (Persian: گره, "knot", also written gereh[1]) are decorative Islamic geometric patterns used in architecture and handicraft objects, consisting of angled lines that form an interlaced strapwork pattern.
Girih decoration is believed to have been inspired by Syrian Roman knotwork patterns from the second century. The earliest girih dates from around 1000 CE, and the artform flourished until the 15th century. Girih patterns can be created in a variety of ways, including the traditional straightedge and compass construction; the construction of a grid of polygons; and the use of a set of girih tiles with lines drawn on them: the lines form the pattern. Patterns may be elaborated by the use of two levels of design, as at the 1453 Darb-e Imam shrine. Square repeating units of known patterns can be copied as templates, and historic pattern books may have been intended for use in this way.
The 15th century Topkapı Scroll explicitly shows girih patterns together with the tilings used to create them. A set of tiles consisting of a dart and a kite shape can be used to create aperiodic Penrose tilings, though there is no evidence that such a set was used in medieval times. Girih patterns have been used to decorate varied materials including stone screens, as at Fatehpur Sikri; plasterwork, as at mosques and madrasas such as the Hunat Hatun Complex in Kayseri; metal, as at Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan in Cairo; and in wood, as at the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba.
^Bonner, Jay (2017). Islamic geometric patterns : their historical development and traditional methods of construction. New York: Springer. p. 579. ISBN 978-1-4419-0216-0. OCLC 1001744138.
Girih (Persian: گره, "knot", also written gereh) are decorative Islamic geometric patterns used in architecture and handicraft objects, consisting of...
Girih tiles are a set of five tiles that were used in the creation of Islamic geometric patterns using strapwork (girih) for decoration of buildings in...
forms in Islamic art and architecture. These include kilim carpets, Persian girih and Moroccan zellij tilework, muqarnas decorative vaulting, jali pierced...
Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba. Girih tiles The subdivision rule used to generate the Girih pattern on the spandrel. Girih pattern that can be drawn with...
married lived together with their parents in a class structural house. Girih tiling consists of straight and broken lines on a regular basis that could...
Massachusetts. He has been recognized for his discoveries of quasicrystal patterns (girih tiles) in medieval Islamic architecture, early precision compound machines...
11-point star. The Topkapı Scroll contains images of an 11-pointed star Girih form used in Islamic art. The star in this scroll is not one of the regular...
period, and survive into medieval artistic traditions both in Islamic art (girih decorations) and in Gothic art. The name "Flower of Life" is given to the...
Girih-tile subdivision found in the decagonal girih pattern on a spandrel from the Darb-i Imam shrine, Isfahan, Iran (1453 C.E.). A subdivision rule to...
strapwork lines (girih), generally more visible than the tile boundaries. In 2007, the physicists Peter Lu and Paul Steinhardt argued that girih from the 15th...
Other important tile techniques of this time include girih tiles, with their characteristic white girih, or straps. Mihrabs, being the focal points of mosques...
geometry Jalis in Mohammad Gaus Tomb in Gwalior 19th-century houses in Gwalior Girih Jharokha Openwork Venturi effect Lerner 1984, pp. 156–157. Azmi, Feza Tabassum...
kilim. In Islamic art, symmetries are evident in forms as varied as Persian girih and Moroccan zellige tilework, Mughal jali pierced stone screens, and widespread...
forms in Islamic art and architecture including kilim carpets, Persian girih and Moroccan/Algerian zellige tilework, muqarnas decorative vaulting, jali...
extensive, and for some excessive, use of strapwork inside and out. Islamic girih uses complex patterns and interlace, but the form of the strips is generally...
without self-intersecting edges. It is often found as a facet inside Islamic Girih tiles, of which there are five different rudimentary types. Generally, star...
poem, a found poem". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Truchet tiles. Girih tiles Wallpaper group Wang tiles Browne, Cameron (2008), "Truchet curves...
but not by de Bruijn's cut-and-project method. Pentagonal and decagonal Girih-tile pattern on a spandrel from the Darb-i Imam shrine, Isfahan, Iran (1453...
a complex system of proportions and measurements or girih. Skilled artisans permutated the girih system and produced highly sophisticated and fractal...
astronomy.[citation needed] A 2007 paper in the journal Science suggested that girih tiles possessed properties consistent with self-similar fractal quasicrystalline...