The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid")[nb 1] is a historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the earliest period of its history, the fourteenth century,[2] and its subsequent history. The thesis addresses the question of how the Ottomans were able to expand from a small principality on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire into a centralized, intercontinental empire. According to the Ghaza thesis, the Ottomans accomplished this by attracting recruits to fight for them in the name of Islamic holy war against the non-believers. Such a warrior was known in Ottoman Turkish as a ghazi, and thus this thesis sees the early Ottoman state as a "Ghazi State," defined by an ideology of holy war. The Ghaza Thesis dominated early Ottoman historiography throughout much of the twentieth century before coming under increasing criticism beginning in the 1980s.[2] Historians now generally reject the Ghaza Thesis, and consequently the idea that Ottoman expansion was primarily fueled by holy war, but disagree about what hypothesis to replace it with.[3][4]
^Kate Fleet, ed. (2009). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Vol. 1, Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 424.
^ abKafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. xi–xii.
^Lindner, Rudi Paul (2009). "Anatolia, 1300–1451". In Kate Fleet (ed.). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Vol. 1, Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 104. Scholars following in Wittek's footsteps have moved away from his strong formulation [...] It is probably safe to suggest that at the moment there is no agreed point of reference about which most scholars gather, and that a more eclectic approach, resting more on the sources than on scholarly tradition, holds the field.
^Cite error: The named reference ghaza was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).
The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") is a historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which...
In the history of ideas, the continuity thesis is the hypothesis that there was no radical discontinuity between the intellectual development of the Middle...
The Frontier Thesis, also known as Turner's Thesis or American frontierism, is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that...
In economic development, the staples thesis is a theory of export-led growth. The theory "has its origins in research into Canadian social, political,...
Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800, (Pearson Education Limited, 2008), pp. 8–9. GhazaThesis "Oriental despotism" was a term deployed in Marxist historical analyses...
neighbors, due to the lack of sources surviving from this period. The Ghazathesis popular during the twentieth century credited their success to their...
studied the Empire, looking at the causes for its formation (such as the Ghazathesis), its relations to the Great Powers (such as Sick man of Europe) and...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
war aims. Controversially, Fischer asserted a version of the Sonderweg thesis that drew a connection between aggression in 1914 and 1939. Fischer was...
The conflict thesis is a historiographical approach in the history of science that originated in the 19th century with John William Draper and Andrew Dickson...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
Great Qing and the Maritime World in the Long Eighteenth Century (PDF) (Thesis). Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. p. 11. Edward L. Dreyer, Zheng...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
the major plank in an attempt to revive the nevertheless thoroughly dead thesis that the Jesus of the Gospels was a mythical figure." An almost identical...
Peoples will appear without quotation marks.]" Drews 1995, pp. 48–61: "The thesis that a great 'migration of the Sea Peoples' occurred ca. 1200 B.C. is supposedly...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
History Osman's Dream Rise Ghazathesis Interregnum Constantinople Classical Age Sultanate of Women Transformation Decline thesis Köprülü Stagnation and reform...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
Remembering in black and white : Missouri women's memorial work 1860-1910 (Thesis). pp. 261–262. doi:10.32469/10355/14392. hdl:10355/14392. Green, Elna C...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
difficult economic decisions or aggression. Overy argued against Mason's thesis by maintaining that Germany was faced with economic problems in 1939, but...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...
decline [es] Ser de España [es] Turkey Kemalist Ottoman Empire Ghazathesis Decline thesis United Kingdom Poor Laws Scotland Kingdom of Alba Westminster...