Germylenes are a class of germanium(II) compounds with the general formula :GeR2. They are heavier carbene analogs.[1] However, unlike carbenes, whose ground state can be either singlet or triplet depending on the substituents, germylenes have exclusively a singlet ground state.[2][3] Unprotected carbene analogs, including germylenes, has a dimerization nature.[4] Free germylenes can be isolated under the stabilization of steric hindrance or electron donation.[5] The synthesis of first stable free dialkyl germylene was reported by Jutzi, et al in 1991.[6]
^Sasamori, T.; Tokitoh, N. (2005). "Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. 2nd ed. Edited by R. Bruce King". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (36): 1698–1740. doi:10.1002/anie.200585394. ISSN 1433-7851.
^Marschner, Christoph (2015). "Silylated Group 14 Ylenes: An Emerging Class of Reactive Compounds". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2015 (23): 3805–3820. doi:10.1002/ejic.201500495. ISSN 1434-1948.
^Gaspar, P. P. (1985). Moss, R. A.; Jones, M. (eds.). "Reactive Intermediates III". Journal of Natural Products. 67 (7). New York: J. Wiley: 1199–1200. doi:10.1021/np030742g.
^Neumann, Wilhelm P. (1991). "Germylenes and stannylenes". Chemical Reviews. 91 (3): 311–334. doi:10.1021/cr00003a002. ISSN 0009-2665.
^Jutzi, P.; Becker, A.; Stammler, H. G.; Neumann, B. (1991). "Synthesis and solid-state structure of (Me3Si)3CGeCH(SiMe3)2, a monomeric dialkylgermylene". Organometallics. 10 (6): 1647–1648. doi:10.1021/om00052a002. ISSN 0276-7333.
germylenes have exclusively a singlet ground state. Unprotected carbene analogs, including germylenes, has a dimerization nature. Free germylenes can...
derivatives of germabenzene and 1,2-digermabenzene, analogues of benzene. Germylenes (carbene analogues) and germyl free radicals have been investigated. Reaction...
Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes). The organogermanium...
diphosphagermylene could not be investigated. The sterically encumbered germylene ligand (Dipp)2PH, where Dipp=2,6-iPr2C6H3, was synthesized by the addition...
germirane-substituted germylene intermediate. Ge atom of the germirane substituent then easily inserts into one of the Ge-C bonds of germylene to generate 1...
Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes). The organogermanium...
1016/S0040-4039(00)99955-6. Wang, Yong; Ma, Jing (2009). "Silylenes and germylenes: The activation of H–H bond in hydrogen molecule". Journal of Organometallic...
dimerize via the halogen-bridging mode, monohalogenated silylenes and germylenes tend to dimerize via the abovementioned multiply-bonded mode instead....
or boranylidene. The heavier group 14 carbenes are silylenes, R2Si:, germylenes R2Ge: (example diphosphagermylene), stannylenes R2Sn: and plumbylenes...
Global Information