Orders of battle for the German attack on Vimy Ridge
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Western Front
1914
Moresnet
Invasion of Belgium
Liège
Dinant
Namur
Frontiers
Lorraine
Ardennes
Charleroi
Mons
Trouée de Charmes
Great Retreat
Le Cateau
Étreux
1st St. Quentin
Maubeuge
Grand Couronné
1st Marne
1st Aisne
Antwerp
Race to the Sea
Yser
1st Ypres
Winter actions
1st Artois
1915
1st Champagne
Hartmannswillerkopf
Neuve Chapelle
2nd Ypres
2nd Artois
Hébuterne
2nd Champagne
Loos
3rd Artois
Gas: Wieltje
1916
The Bluff
Hohenzollern Redoubt
St Eloi
Hulluch
Wulverghem
Kink Salient
Vimy Ridge 1916
Mont Sorrel
Verdun
Boar's Head
1st Somme
Fromelles
1917
Ancre
Alberich
Nivelle offensive
Arras
Vimy
2nd Aisne
The Hills
Messines
Passchendaele
La Malmaison
Cambrai
1918
German spring offensive
Michael
The Lys
3rd Aisne
Belleau Wood
2nd Marne
Soissons
Amiens
Ailette
2nd Somme
Saint-Mihiel
St Quentin Canal
Meuse-Argonne
5th Ypres
2nd Cambrai
Courtrai
Sambre
Lys and Escaut
Associated articles
1914 Christmas truce
French Army mutinies
Western Front tactics, 1917
The German phosgene attack of 19 December 1915 was the first use of phosgene gas against British troops by the German army. The gas attack took place at Wieltje, north-east of Ypres in Belgian Flanders on the Western Front in the First World War. German gas attacks on Allied troops had begun on 22 April 1915, during the Second Battle of Ypres using chlorine against French and Canadian units. The surprise led to the capture of much of the Ypres Salient, after which the effectiveness of gas as a weapon diminished, because the French and British introduced anti-gas measures and protective helmets. The German Nernst-Duisberg-Commission investigated the feasibility of adding the much more lethal phosgene to chlorine. Mixed chlorine and phosgene gas was used at the end of May 1915 against French troops and on Russian troops on the Eastern Front.
In December 1915, the 4th Army used the mixture of chlorine and phosgene against British troops in Flanders, during an attack at Wieltje near Ypres. Before the attack, the British had taken a prisoner who disclosed the plan and had also gleaned information from other sources; the divisions of VI Corps had been alerted from 15 December. The gas discharge on 19 December was accompanied by German raiding parties, most of which were engaged with small-arms fire, while they were attempting to cross no-man's land. British anti-gas precautions prevented a panic and a collapse of the defence, even though British anti-gas helmets had not been treated to repel phosgene. Only the 49th (West Riding) Division had a large number of gas casualties, when soldiers in reserve lines did not receive a warning in time to put on their helmets. A study by British medical authorities arrived at a figure of 1,069 gas casualties, 120 of which were fatal. After the operation, the Germans concluded that a breakthrough could not be achieved solely by the use of gas.
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