Overview of the role of the Confederate state of Georgia during the American Civil War
This article is about the Confederate state of Georgia between 1861 and 1865. For the ships, see CSS Georgia. For other uses, see Georgia (disambiguation).
Georgia
Variant flag (de facto)[FN 1]
Seal (1863–1865)
Map of the Confederate States
Capital
Milledgeville
Largest city
Savannah
Admitted to the Confederacy
March 16, 1861 (2nd)
Population
1,082,757 total
• 620,527 (57.31%) free
• 462,230 (42.69%) slave
Forces supplied
- Confederate soldiers: 120,000 - Union soldiers: 5,000 (3,500 black; 2,500 white)[1] total
Major garrisons/armories
Fort Pulaski
Governor
Joseph E. Brown
Senators
Benjamin Harvey Hill John Wood Lewis, Sr. Herschel Vespasian Johnson
Representatives
List
Restored to the Union
July 15, 1870
Part of a series on the
History of the State of Georgia
Pre-Columbian
European Exploration
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American Revolution
Antebellum Period
American Civil War
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Agrarian Unrest and Disfranchisement
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Georgia was one of the original seven slave states that formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861, triggering the U.S. Civil War. The state governor, Democrat Joseph E. Brown, wanted locally raised troops to be used only for the defence of Georgia, in defiance of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, who wanted to deploy them on other battlefronts. When the Union blockade prevented Georgia from exporting its plentiful cotton in exchange for key imports, Brown ordered farmers to grow food instead, but the breakdown of transport systems led to desperate shortages.
There was not much fighting in Georgia until September 1863, when Confederates under Braxton Bragg defeated William S. Rosecrans at Chickamauga Creek. In May 1864, William T. Sherman started pursuing the Confederates towards Atlanta, which he captured in September, in advance of his March to the Sea. This six-week campaign destroyed much of the civilian infrastructure of Georgia, decisively shortening the war. When news of the march reached Robert E. Lee's army in Virginia, whole Georgian regiments deserted, feeling they were needed at home. The Battle of Columbus, fought on the Georgia-Alabama border on April 16, 1865, is reckoned by some criteria to have been the last battle of the war.
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^Civil War in Georgia: Overview. New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
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