Hainan Island, located in the South China Sea off the Chinese coast and separated from mainland China by the Qiongzhou Strait, has a complex geological history that it has experienced multiple stages of metamorphism, volcanic and intrusive activities, tectonic drifting and more.[1] The oldest rocks, the Proterozoic metamorphic basement, are not widely exposed, but mostly found in the western part of the Island.[1]
Hainan is mainly covered by igneous rocks emplaced from Permian through Cretaceous periods.[2] Structurally, there are two main sets of faults, one trending east and the other northeast.[2] The formation of the oldest fault, Gezhen shear fault, can even be dated back to the Precambrian times.[1]
The multiple stages of granitoid emplacements through its geological history have made Hainan Island rich in various types of ore deposits, including gold, molybdenum, lead, zinc, silver, etc.[3] According to the distribution of the ore deposits, the Island is generally divided into 6 ore-forming provinces.[3] Regarding the present geological activities, small earthquakes are still happening, while the volcanoes are inactive.[4]
Satellite Image of Hainan Island
^ abcXu, D. R., Wu, C. J., Hu, G. C., Chen, M. L., Fu, Y. R., Wang, Z. L., ... & Hollings, P. (2016). "Late Mesozoic molybdenum mineralization on Hainan Island, South China: Geochemistry, geochronology and geodynamic setting". Ore Geology Reviews. 72: 402–433. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abXu, D., Wang, Z., Wu, C., Zhou, Y., Shan, Q., Hou, M., ... & Zhang, X. (2017). "Mesozoic gold mineralization in Hainan Province of South China: Genetic types, geological characteristics and geodynamic settings". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 137: 80–108. Bibcode:2017JAESc.137...80X. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.09.004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abSHEN, Rui-wen; HAl, Tao (2011). "On the Relation of Magmatism with Ore-formation in the Hainan Island". 四川地质学报. 31 (4): 391–394. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0995.2011.04.003.
^Hu, Yaxuan; Hao, Ming; Ji, Lingyun; Song, Shangwu (2016). "Three-dimensional crustal movement and the activities of earthquakes, volcanoes and faults in Hainan Island, China". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 7 (4): 284–294. doi:10.1016/j.geog.2016.05.008.
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