Gender dysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identity—their personal sense of their own gender—and their sex assigned at birth.[5][6] The term replaced the previous diagnostic label of gender identity disorder (GID) in 2013 with the release of the diagnostic manual DSM-5. The condition was renamed to remove the stigma associated with the term disorder.[7]
People with gender dysphoria commonly identify as transgender.[8] Gender nonconformity is not the same thing as gender dysphoria[9] and does not always lead to dysphoria or distress.[10]
The causes of gender incongruence are unknown but a gender identity likely reflects genetic, biological, environmental, and cultural factors.[11][12][13] Diagnosis can be given at any age, although gender dysphoria in children and adolescents may manifest differently than in adults.[14] Complications may include anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.[8] Treatment for gender dysphoria includes social transitioning and often includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and/or gender-affirming surgeries, and psychotherapy.[2][3]
Some researchers and transgender people argue for the declassification of the condition because they say the diagnosis pathologizes gender variance and reinforces the binary model of gender.[15] However, this declassification could carry implications for healthcare accessibility, as HRT and gender-affirming surgery could be deemed cosmetic by insurance providers, as opposed to medically necessary treatment, thereby affecting coverage.[16]
^ ab"Gender Dysphoria" (PDF). American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
^ abcMaddux JE, Winstead BA (2015). Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding. Routledge. pp. 464–465. ISBN 978-1317697992. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
^ abcdColeman E (2011). "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7" (PDF). International Journal of Transgenderism. 13 (4). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: 165–232. doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873. S2CID 39664779. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
^Cite error: The named reference Davidson-2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Human Rights Campaign. "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions". Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
^Morrow DF, Messinger L, eds. (2006). Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-231-50186-6. Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof.
^DSM-5 fact sheet 2013: "DSM-5 aims to avoid stigma and ensure clinical care for individuals who see and feel themselves to be a different gender than their assigned gender. It replaces the diagnostic name 'gender identity disorder' with 'gender dysphoria', as well as makes other important clarifications in the criteria."
^ abRusso J, Coker JK, King JH (2017). DSM-5® and Family Systems. Springer Publishing Company. p. 352. ISBN 978-0826183996. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2020. People meeting criteria for Gender Dysphoria most often identify themselves as trans or transgender. Trans or transgender can be used as umbrella terms to include the broad spectrum of persons whose gender identity differs from the assigned gender (APA, 2013).
^Parekh, Ranna. "What Is Gender Dysphoria?". American Psychiatric Publishing. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
^"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People" (PDF) (ver. 7 ed.). World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). 2011. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015. 5 ("only some gender nonconforming people experience gender dysphoria at some point in their lives.")
^Cite error: The named reference heylens et al was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference diamond-2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Rosenthal-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference APA-Position was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bryant K (2018). "Gender Dysphoria". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
^Cite error: The named reference Zack Ford was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Genderdysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identity—their personal sense of their own gender—and...
Genderdysphoria in children (GD), also known as gender incongruence of childhood, is a formal diagnosis for children who experience significant discontent...
able-bodied can be diagnosed as body integrity dysphoria in the ICD-11. Genderdysphoria is discomfort, unhappiness or distress due to the primary and secondary...
identify as transgender or transsexual, and often results in genderdysphoria. The causes of gender incongruence have been studied for decades. Transgender...
genderdysphoria from the mental illness chapter and moved it instead to the sexual health chapter, changing the term "GenderDysphoria" to "Gender Incongruence...
and Child Health. It dealt with gender services for children and young people, including those with genderdysphoria and those identifying as transgender...
International GenderDysphoria Association (HBIGDA), is a professional organization devoted to the understanding and treatment of gender identity and gender dysphoria...
transgender people experience genderdysphoria, and some seek medical treatments such as hormone replacement therapy, gender-affirming surgery, or psychotherapy...
hormonal exposure, which has been linked with both sexual orientation, genderdysphoria and autism. Alternatively, autistic people may be less reliant on social...
have a female gender identity and may experience genderdysphoria (distress brought upon by the discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their...
specific gender". For centuries, gender variance was seen by medicine as a pathology. The World Health Organization identified genderdysphoria as a mental...
Kingdom that specialised in working with children with gender identity issues, including genderdysphoria.The service closed on 28th March 2024 after serious...
DSM-5 recognizes genderdysphoria as an official diagnosis. Not all transgender or transsexual people feel genderdysphoria or gender incongruence, but...
cross-gender behaviors or mandated unproven psychiatric treatments. In response to this problem, the Harry Benjamin International GenderDysphoria Association...
for gender identity disorder as defined in the DSM-III or DSM-IV, although some would likely not have met the updated criteria for genderdysphoria in...
The Gender Recognition Act 2004 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that allows adults in the United Kingdom who have genderdysphoria to...
hormone therapy may be concluded by assessing a patient for genderdysphoria or persistent gender incongruence, though many medical institutions now used...
contagion, or "cluster outbreaks" in genderdysphoria among young people, which Littman called "rapid-onset genderdysphoria". Data was obtained from a survey...
(WPATH). As of 2024[update], the provision of puberty blockers for genderdysphoria in children has become the subject of public controversy. A combination...
been affirmed, and if they had a history of genderdysphoria they could only enlist, under their gender assigned at birth, after 36 months of stability...
alleviates genderdysphoria. The umbrella term trans is a shortening of both transgender and transsexual, and describes anyone whose gender identity does...
between an individual's assigned sex at birth and their gender identity, characterized by genderdysphoria. There are divides and debates within the transmedicalist...
hypothesized that all genderdysphoria experienced by this group is of two types: "homosexual" genderdysphoria and "non-homosexual" genderdysphoria. Blanchard...