This article is about the process. For the water carbonator, see Gasogene. For the automobile device, see Wood gas generator.
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Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power can be derived from the subsequent combustion of the resultant gas, and is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass feedstock.[1][2][3][4]
An advantage of gasification is that syngas can be more efficient than direct combustion of the original feedstock material because it can be combusted at higher temperatures so that the thermodynamic upper limit to the efficiency defined by Carnot's rule is higher. Syngas may also be used as the hydrogen source in fuel cells, however the syngas produced by most gasification systems requires additional processing and reforming to remove the contaminants and other gases such as CO and CO2 to be suitable for low-temperature fuel cell use, but high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells are capable of directly accepting mixtures of H2, CO, CO2, steam, and methane.[5]
Syngas is most commonly burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer–Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. For some materials gasification can be an alternative to landfilling and incineration, resulting in lowered emissions of atmospheric pollutants such as methane and particulates. Some gasification processes aim at refining out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic feedstock material. Gasification of fossil fuels is currently widely used on industrial scales to generate electricity. Gasification can generate lower amounts of some pollutants as SOx and NOx than combustion.[6]
^National Non-Food Crops Centre. "Review of Technologies for Gasification of Biomass and Wastes, NNFCC project 09/008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
^The Clean and Renewable Energy Source, biomass.uk.com, accessed 16.05.11 Archived 2011-09-10 at the Wayback Machine
^Thermal Gasification of Biomass, International Energy Agency Task 33 Archived 2011-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, http://www.gastechnology.org, accessed 16.05.11
^"Plasma gasification: Clean renewable fuel through vaporization of waste". www.waste-management-world.com. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original on 2015-10-29. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
^Giddey, S.; Badwal, S.P.S.; Kulkarni, A.; Munnings, C. (June 2012). "A comprehensive review of direct carbon fuel cell technology". Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 38 (3): 360–399. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2012.01.003.
^Chris Higman and Maarten van der Burgt. Gasification, Second Edition, Elsevier (2008).
entrained flow gasification is not the milling of the fuel but the production of oxygen used for the gasification. In a plasma gasifier a high-voltage...
Plasma gasification is an extreme thermal process using plasma which converts organic matter into a syngas (synthesis gas) which is primarily made up of...
to the Gasification and Syngas Technologies Council, a trade association, there are globally 272 operating gasification plants with 686 gasifiers and 74 plants...
A wood gas generator is a gasification unit which converts timber or charcoal into wood gas, a producer gas consisting of atmospheric nitrogen, carbon...
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hydrogen as fuel. A power cycle based on gasification of solid fuel and SOFCs is called an Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) cycle; the IGFC power...
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an industrial process which converts coal into product gas. UCG is an in-situ gasification process, carried out...
reason why gasification-based power systems can achieve high power generation efficiencies. Currently, commercially available gasification-based systems...
Sierra Energy is a privately owned developer of waste-to-energy gasification technology FastOx. Sierra Energy is a division of Sierra Railroad. It is headquartered...
strongly dependent on the gasification process, the gasification medium (air, oxygen or steam), and the fuel moisture. Steam-gasification processes typically...
acquiring the Dakota Gasification Company to be transformed to a blue hydrogen[broken anchor] project. The board of Dakota Gasification Company is made up...
project. June: Kemper power plant suspends coal gasification. [needs update] 2021, October: the gasification structure was demolished Lignite is a soft, brownish-black...
commissioned a Westinghouse plasma gasification unit at a demonstration facility in Wuhan, China. The plasma gasification unit was designed to process approximately...
F-T diesel (usually called BLGMF for Black Liquor Gasification for Motor Fuels). This gasification technology is currently under operation in a 3 MW pilot...
resultant iron being known as charcoal iron. Coal gasification, as part of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) coal-fired power station, is...
called the All-Union Research and Design Institute of Underground Coal Gasification or VNIIPodzemgaz (Russian: Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный...
based on the steam gasification of biomass in the internally circulating fluidized bed. In the gasification process, fuel will be gasified at 850 °C in the...
Chinese: 中煤黑龙江煤炭化工(集团)有限公司) and an equity investment in Taiyuan Coal Gasification Group (Chinese: 太原煤炭气化(集团)有限责任公司, 47.67%), as they still provide coal...
to generate energy. The process of gasification combined with syngas production is called Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). An Air Separation...
7 billion tonnes and 16 billion tonnes of coal through underground coal gasification (UCG) or 'fracking', and based on current UK coal consumption, such reserves...
Chemical looping reforming (CLR) and gasification (CLG) are the operations that involve the use of gaseous carbonaceous feedstock and solid carbonaceous...
its lower cost. In industry, KOH is a good catalyst for hydrothermal gasification process. In this process, it is used to improve the yield of gas and...
°F) temperature back to natural gas at atmospheric temperature. LNG gasification plants can be located on land as well as on floating barges, i.e. a Floating...
Fluidized bed combustion Gasification Linde–Frank–Caro process List of solid waste treatment technologies Plasma gasification Producer gas Pyrolysis Renewable...