Micrograph of cholesterolosis of the gallbladder, a very common gallbladder disease. Cholecystectomy specimen. H&E stain.
Specialty
Gastroenterology
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis).[1][2]
The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, and the Sphincter of Oddi. The gallbladder is controlled on a neurohormonal basis, with Cholecystokinin (CCK) leading to the contraction and release of bile into the bile ducts. Other hormones allow for the relaxation and further storing of bile.[3][4] A disruption in the hormones, ducts, or gallbladder can lead to disease. Gallstones are the most common disease and can lead to other diseases, including Cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, and gallstone pancreatitis when the gallstone blocks the pancreatic duct.[1][2][5] Treatment is considered for symptomatic disease and can vary from surgical to non-surgical treatment.[2]
About 104 million new cases of gallbladder and biliary disease occurred in 2013.[6]
^ abCorazziari, E; Shaffer, E A; Hogan, W J; Sherman, S; Toouli, J (1 September 1999). "Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas". Gut. 45 (Supplement 2): ii48–ii54. doi:10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii48. PMC 1766688. PMID 10457045.
^ abcAfamefuna, Simore Candidate Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy Suwanee, Georgia Shari N. Allen, PharmD, BCPP Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy Suwanee (2013). "Gallbladder Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment". US Pharm. 38 (3): 33-41.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Luo, Xiaoyu (2007). "On the mechanical behavior of the human biliary system". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 13 (9): 1384–1392. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i9.1384. PMC 4146923. PMID 17457970.
^Behar, Jose (24 February 2013). "Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Biliary Tract: The Gallbladder and Sphincter of Oddi—A Review". ISRN Physiology. 2013: 1–15. doi:10.1155/2013/837630.
^Stinton, Laura M.; Shaffer, Eldon A. (15 April 2012). "Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer". Gut and Liver. 6 (2): 172–187. doi:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.172. PMC 3343155. PMID 22570746.
^Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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