Porphyry bust of Galerius, found in 1993 at Gamzigrad and held at the National Museum [sr] in Zaječar, Serbia.[1]
Roman emperor
(in the East)
Augustus
1 May 305 – early May 311
Predecessor
Diocletian and Maximian
Successor
Maximinus II and Licinius (both in the East)
Co-rulers
See list
Constantius I (305–306)[a]
Severus II (306–307)[b]
Constantine I (306–311)[c]
Maxentius (306–311)[d]
Maximian (306–310)[e]
Licinius (308–311)[f]
Alexander (308–311)[g]
Maximinus II (310–311)[h]
Caesar
1 March 293[i] – 1 May 305 (under Diocletian)[2]
Born
Galerius Maximinus[3][4] c. 258[5][6] Felix Romuliana, Roman Dacia, Roman Empire[6]
Died
early May 311[7] (aged c. 53) Serdica, Dacia Ripensis, Roman Empire
Burial
Felix Romuliana[6]
Spouse
Galeria Valeria[8]
Issue
Candidianus
Valeria Maximilla
Names
Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus[2]
Regnal name
Imperator Caesar Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus
Father
Diocletian (adoptive)
Mother
Romula (alleged)[9]
Religion
Roman polytheism
Galerius Valerius Maximianus[j] (/ɡəˈlɛəriəs/; Greek: Γαλέριος; c. 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sasanian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, Galerius ended the Diocletianic Persecution when he issued the Edict of Toleration in Serdica (Sofia) in 311.
^Elsner, Jas (2018). The Art of the Roman Empire AD 100-450. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 9780198768630. A recently discovered porphyry head of a tetrarch from Romuliana in modern Serbia —the birth and burial place of Galerius (293–311) [...] It is likely that the statue portrays Galerius as Caesar after his victory over the Persians in AD 297/8.
^ abBarnes 1982, p. 4.
^Lactantius, de Mortibus Persecutorum, 18. "Now Galerius had lately bestowed part of his own name on that youth [Daia], and called him Maximin, in like manner as Diocletian formerly bestowed on Galerius the name of Maximian".
^For an analysis of the official nomenclature of the Tetrarchs, see Salway, Benet (1994). "What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700" (PDF). Journal of Roman Studies. 84: 137–140. doi:10.2307/300873. JSTOR 300873. S2CID 162435434.
^Leadbetter, pp. 18–21.
^ abcBarnes 1982, p. 37.
^Lactantius, DMP 35.4. "This edict was promulgated at Nicomedia on the day preceding the kalends of May [30 April]... In a few days after he was consumed by the horrible disease that had brought on an universal putrefaction [...] This event was known at Nicomedia before the end of the month.".
^Barnes 1982, p. 38.
^Barnes 1982, p. 37–38.
^Sandys, John (1927). Latin Epigraphy: An Introduction to the Study of Latin Inscriptions. Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
^Maxwelll, Craven (2019). The Imperial Families of Ancient Rome. Fonthill Media. p. 414.
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of Christianity, Galerius ended the Diocletianic Persecution when he issued the Edict of Toleration in Serdica (Sofia) in 311. Galerius was born near Serdica...
and remove the Arch of Galerius as well; the arch was not touched at all or taken (but Las Incantadas was). The Arch of Galerius stands on what is now...
Serdica, also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution...
request of his maternal uncle, Galerius (a Roman emperor of Dacian and Thracian origin), and his full name as emperor was "Galerius Valerius Maximinus". Modern...
childhood friend and future emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 298. He was trusted enough by Galerius that in 307 he was sent as an envoy...
Galerius, husband to Diocletian's daughter Valeria, and perhaps Diocletian's praetorian prefect. Constantius was assigned Gaul and Britain. Galerius was...
son Hercules. Galerius and Constantius were appointed caesares in March 293. Diocletian and Maximian retired on 1 May 305, raising Galerius and Constantius...
was founded by Galerius, who arrived from a different continent after the previous Zenoiran Empire was destroyed in a civil war. Galerius conquered Fevrith...
Gaius Galerius was a Roman eques who was active during the reign of Tiberius. He is best known as the praefectus or governor of Egypt (16-32). Galerius came...
Galerius Maximus was a Roman senator, who was active during the mid third century. He was suffect consul for an undetermined nundinium in the early 240s...
persecuting Christians. The Edict of Toleration by Galerius had been issued by the emperor Galerius from Serdica and was posted at Nicomedia on 30 April...
Caesar was Constantius; his second was Galerius, a native of Felix Romuliana. According to Lactantius, Galerius was a brutal, animalistic man. Although...
provinces, while Galerius took the eastern provinces. Constantine, disappointed in his hopes to become a caesar, fled the court of Galerius after Constantius...
Galerius, 293-311 AD, who issued in Serdica (present Sofia) the Edict of Toleration legitimizing Christianity in the Roman Empire in 311 AD. Galerius...
in Europe for naming years. Winter: Emperor Galerius wins his second victory over the Sarmatians. Galerius sends Valerius Severus with the army of northern...
by the senior emperor Galerius. However, the latter refused to do so. Apart from his alleged antipathy towards Maxentius, Galerius probably wanted to deter...
objected to Galerius's suggestion, saying in response, "What! That dancer, that habitual drunkard who turns night into day and day into night?" Galerius persisted...
Maximian's liking: perhaps because of Galerius' influence, Galerius' former army comrade Severus and Galerius' nephew Maximinus (both of whom had long...
Carthage, Galerius Maximus, on 14 September 258 has been preserved:: 327 Galerius Maximus: "Are you Thascius Cyprianus?" Cyprian: "I am." Galerius: "The...
also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (now Sofia, Bulgaria) by Roman Emperor Galerius. It officially ended the Diocletianic...
Tetrarchs, Emperor Galerius, a Roman emperor who had Dacian origins, the adopted son and son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Diocletian. Galerius started construction...
indecisive. In the third fought at Callinicum, Galerius suffered a complete defeat and was forced to retreat. Galerius crossed the Euphrates into Syria to join...
Diocletian and wife of his co-emperor Galerius. Born as Valeria to Diocletian and Prisca, she married Galerius in 293, when her father elevated him to...
Publius Galerius Trachalus was a Roman senator, who was active during the middle of the first century AD. He was consul for the year 68 as the colleague...
success against the Emperor Galerius near Callinicum on the Euphrates in 296, he was eventually decisively defeated by them. Galerius had been reinforced, probably...
known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and (Galerius) Maximianus (or, less frequently, year 1061 Ab urbe condita). The denomination...
Augustus) – Galerius and Constantius Chlorus. The senior emperors jointly abdicated and retired in 305 AD, allowing Constantius and Galerius to be elevated...