Wolfgang Paalen, Fumage, 1938, candle smoke on paperWolfgang Paalen, Pays interdit ("Forbidden Land"), 1936-37, oil painting
Fumage is a surrealist art technique popularized by Wolfgang Paalen in which impressions are made by the smoke of a candle or kerosene lamp on a piece of paper or canvas.[1] Paalen's first fumage, Dictated by a Candle, was presented 1936 in the International Surrealist Exhibition in London. In the same year Paalen painted Pays interdit ("Forbidden Land"), his first oil painting, which he based on the fumage technique. Several other Surrealists as Roberto Matta, but also Salvador Dalí later utilized the technique, Dali calling the technique "sfumato".[2] The technique has been utilized by artists including Bimal Banerjee,[3] Alberto Burri, Burhan Doğançay, Jiri Georg Dokoupil, Hugh Parker Guiler, Yves Klein, Antonio Muñiz, and Otto Piene.
^Barnitz, Jacqueline (2001). Twentieth-Century Art of Latin America. University of Texas Press. p. 116. ISBN 0292708580.
^Aspley, Keith (2010). Historical Dictionary of Surrealism. Scarecrow Press. pp. 209–210. ISBN 978-0810858473.
^Chaitanya, Krishna (1994). History of Indian Painting: The Modern Period. Abhinav Pubns. p. 240. ISBN 8170173108.
Fumage is a surrealist art technique popularized by Wolfgang Paalen in which impressions are made by the smoke of a candle or kerosene lamp on a piece...
sheets of paper on the floor and then rubbing over them with a soft pencil. Fumage is a technique in which impressions are made by the smoke of a candle or...
where he presented twelve oils, gouaches and objects as well as his first fumage (Dictated by a Candle) representing a ghostly hand performing the act of...
Honest Hearts addon called "Two Bears High Fiving". Blacky pictures test Fumage, a surrealist art technique using smoke Holtzman inkblot technique, a similar...
exhibition in 1940. Another strong influence must have been Paalen's surrealist fumage technique, which appealed to painters looking for new ways to depict what...
Gordon Onslow Ford, and Roberto Matta joined the group. Paalen contributed Fumage and Onslow Ford Coulage as new pictorial automatic techniques. Long after...
venaient abattre chez leurs clients, puis découper en vue de la salaison, du fumage et de la confection de saucisses. Comme on ne pouvait réfrigérer la viande...
painting on sand, dripping and flinging paint, decalcomania, frottage, fumage, and raclage. Two fundamental approaches predominate surrealist art. Automatism...
painting by Paalen, that is artfully based on his surrealist technique of fumage. It explores the theme of mortal fears and primordial femininity with a...
and used a wide range of materials and methods, such as decalcomania, fumage, frottage and collage. She developed new techniques such as superautomatism...
speaking, he did not establish slavery, he imposed a semi-feudal system, fumage, in which every able man was required to work in plantations (similar to...
«Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec" (consulted 2020-04-14) "Fumage du poisson au Québec" (consulted 2020-04-09) "History of Smoked Meat in...
painting techniques such as Max Ernst’s frottage and Wolfgang Paalen’s fumage. It is said that her works stem from transgression and the reconstruction...
of Contemporary Art (CoAC), Christchurch. 2009, Faka'ahu – Contemporary Fumage, toured to McCarthy Gallery, Auckland, Central Library, University of Canterbury...
("smoke pictures") as a reference to elemental natural energies and the Fumage of the surrealist painter Wolfgang Paalen, whom he dedicated a work after...
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