"Fritillary" redirects here. For the butterflies, see List of fritillaries (butterflies).
For the tunicate genus, see Fritillaria (tunicate).
Fritillaria
Fritillaria meleagris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Order:
Liliales
Family:
Liliaceae
Subfamily:
Lilioideae
Tribe:
Lilieae
Genus:
Fritillaria Tourn. ex L.
Type species
Fritillaria meleagris
L.[1]
Subgenera
Subgenera (8)
Davidii Rix
Fritillaria
Japonica Rix
Korolkowia Rix
Liliorhiza (Kellog) Benth. & Hook.f.
Petilium (L.) Endl.
Rhinopetalum Fisch.
Theresia Koch
Diversity
About 140 species
Synonyms[2]
Synonyms
Petilium Ludw.
Imperialis Adans.
Amblirion Raf.
Rhinopetalum Fisch. ex D.Don
Baimo Raf.
Corona Fisch. ex Graham
Melorima Raf.
Eucrinum (Nutt.) Lindl.
Theresia K.Koch
Tozzettia Parl. 1854[a]
Liliorhiza Kellogg
Lyperia Salisb. nom. superfl.
Korolkowia Regel
Sarana Fisch. ex Baker
Ochrocodon Rydb.
Monocodon Salisb.
Floral diagram of Fritillaria flower
Fritillaria (fritillaries) is a genus of spring flowering herbaceous bulbous perennial plants in the lily family (Liliaceae). The type species, Fritillaria meleagris, was first described in Europe in 1571, while other species from the Middle East and Asia were also introduced to Europe at that time. The genus has about 130–140 species divided among eight subgenera. The flowers are usually solitary, nodding and bell-shaped with bulbs that have fleshy scales, resembling those of lilies. They are known for their large genome size and genetically are very closely related to lilies. They are native to the temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, from the Mediterranean and North Africa through Eurasia and southwest Asia to western North America. Many are endangered due to enthusiastic picking.
The name Fritillaria is thought to refer to the checkered pattern of F. meleagris, resembling a box in which dice were carried. Fritillaries are commercially important in horticulture as ornamental garden plants and also in traditional Chinese medicine, which is also endangering some species. Fritillaria flowers have been popular subjects for artists to depict and as emblems of regions and organizations.
^Linnaeus 1753.
^WCSP 2017.
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