The French Fourth Republic in 1957: Metropolitan France Saar Protectorate
Capital
and largest city
Paris 48°51′N2°21′E / 48.850°N 2.350°E / 48.850; 2.350
Official language
French
Religion
Secular state[a]
In Alsace-Moselle:
Roman Catholicism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Judaism
Demonym(s)
French
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
President
• 1947–1954
Vincent Auriol
• 1954–1959
René Coty
Prime Minister
• 1947 (first)
Paul Ramadier
• 1958–1959 (last)
Charles de Gaulle
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Council of the Republic
• Lower house
National Assembly
Historical era
Decolonisation of Africa
Decolonisation of Asia
Cold War
• Constitutional referendum
13 October 1946
• Constitution adopted
27 October 1946
• Treaty of Brussels
17 March 1948
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu
13 March 1954
• Toussaint Rouge
1 November 1954
• Suez Crisis
29 October - 7 November 1956
• May crisis
13 May 1958
• Constitutional referendum
28 September 1958
• New constitution adopted
4 October 1958
Currency
French franc
Algerian franc
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Provisional Government of the French Republic
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
French Fifth Republic
French Community
Today part of
France Algeria
The French Fourth Republic (French: Quatrième république française) was the republican government of France from 27 October 1946 to 4 October 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution of 13 October 1946. Essentially a reestablishment and continuation of the Third Republic which governed from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, it suffered many of the same problems which led to its end.
Despite political dysfunction, the Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and the rebuilding of the nation's social institutions and industry after World War II, with assistance from the United States through the Marshall Plan. It also saw the beginning of the rapprochement with France's longtime enemy Germany, which led to Franco-German co-operation and eventually to the European Union.
The new constitution made some attempts to strengthen the executive branch of government to prevent the unstable situation before the war, but instability remained and the Fourth Republic saw frequent changes of government – there were 21 administrations in its 12-year history. Moreover, the government proved unable to make effective decisions regarding decolonization of the numerous remaining French colonies. After a series of crises culminating in the Algerian crisis of 1958, the Fourth Republic collapsed. Wartime leader Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement to preside over a transitional administration empowered to design a new French constitution. The Fourth Republic was dissolved on 5 October 1958 following a public referendum which established the current Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency.
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