Current system of government of France (1958–present)
This article describes the origins and historical development of the current French state. For information on its organization and structure, see Politics of France.
French Republic
Cinquième République française(French)
Flag
Emblem[I]
Motto: "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité"(French)
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
Anthem:"La Marseillaise"
Great Seal:
Location of France (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Capital
and largest city
Paris 48°51.4′N2°21.05′E / 48.8567°N 2.35083°E / 48.8567; 2.35083
Official language and national language
French[II]
Religion
Secular State [a]
In Alsace-Moselle
Roman Catholicism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Judaism
Government
Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
• President
Emmanuel Macron
• Prime Minister
Gabriel Attal
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
National Assembly
Establishment
• Current constitution
4 October 1958 (65 years)
Currency
Euro (EUR)
CFP franc (XPF)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Calling code
+33[III]
ISO 3166 code
FR
Internet TLD
.fr[IV]
Preceded by
French Fourth Republic
Part of a series on the
History of France
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Prehistory
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600 BC – 49 BC
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until 50 BC
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50 BC – 486 AD
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The Fifth Republic (French: Cinquième République) is France's current republican system of government. It was established on 4 October 1958 by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic.[3]
The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system[4] that split powers between a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government.[5] Charles de Gaulle, who was the first French president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation ("the spirit of the nation").[6]
The Fifth Republic is France's third-longest-lasting political regime, after the hereditary, feudal monarchy of the Ancien Régime and the parliamentary Third Republic (4 September 1870–10 July 1940). If it continues, the Fifth Republic will overtake the Third Republic as the second-longest French regime and the longest-lasting French republic on 8 August 2028.
^Article II of the Constitution of France (1958)
^"The lictor's fasces". elysee.fr. 20 November 2012.
^Loi constitutionnelle du 3 juin 1957 portant dérogation transitoire aux dispositions de l'article 90 de la Constitution (in French).
^Lessig, Lawrence (1993). "The Path of the Presidency". East European Constitutional Review. Fall 1993 / Winter 1994 (2/3): 104 – via Chicago Unbound, University of Chicago Law School.
^Richburg, Keith B. (25 September 2000). "French President's Term Cut to Five Years". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
^Kubicek, Paul (2015). European Politics. Routledge. pp. 154–156, 163. ISBN 978-1-317-34853-5.
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