Government of Revolutionary France from 1799 to 1804
This article is about the government of France from 1799–1804. For France's diplomatic missions also known as "consulates", see List of diplomatic missions of France.
French Consulate
Consulat français
Executive government of the French First Republic
The three consuls, Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, Napoleon Bonaparte and Charles-François Lebrun (left to right) by Auguste Couder
History
Established
10 November 1799
Disbanded
18 May 1804
Preceded by
French Directory
Succeeded by
First French Empire (with Napoleon Bonaparte as emperor)
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The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the top-level government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804. By extension, the term The Consulate also refers to this period of French history.
During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul (Premier consul), established himself as the head of a more authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler. Due to the long-lasting institutions established during these years, Robert B. Holtman has called the Consulate "one of the most important periods of all French history."[1] By the end of this period, Napoleon had engineered an authoritarian personal rule now viewed as military dictatorship.[2]
^Robert B. Holtman, The Napoleonic Revolution (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981), 31.
^Jones, Colin (1994). The Cambridge Illustrated History of France (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–94. ISBN 0-521-43294-4.
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