French Chad information

Territory of Chad^[1]
(1900–1920)
*Territoire du Tchad*
Colony of Chad
(1920–1960)
*Colonie du Tchad*
Territory of Chad; (1900–1920); Territoire du TchadColony of Chad; (1920–1960); Colonie du Tchad
1900–1960
	Flag
	Anthem: La Marseillaise;
Status	Constituent of French Equatorial Africa
Capital	Fort-Lamy
Common languages	French (official); Chadian Arabic, Sara, Kanembu, Sango
Religion	Islam, Christianity, traditional African religion
Government	Colony; (1900–1946); Overseas territory; (1946–1958); Autonomous republic; (1958–1960)
Governor
• 1900	Émile Gentil
• 1959–1960	Daniel Doustin
Prime Minister
• 1957–1959	Gabriel Lisette
• 1959–1960	François Tombalbaye
History
• Established	September 5, 1900
• Merged with Ubangi-Shari	February 11, 1906
• Integrated into French Equatorial Africa	January 15, 1910
• Separate colony	March 17, 1920
• Status changed to overseas territory	October 27, 1946
• Autonomy	November 28, 1958
• Independence	August 11, 1960
Area
1943	1,194,508 km2 (461,202 sq mi)
1950	1,283,993 km2 (495,752 sq mi)
Population
• 1936	1,432,600
• 1943	1,432,555
• 1950	2,241,000
Currency	French Equatorial African franc; (1900–1945); CFA franc; (1945–1960)
ISO 3166 code	TD
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kingdom of Baguirmi
	Bornu Empire
	Ouaddai Empire
	Rabih az-Zubayr
Chad
Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture

Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Middle Africa, known from 1910 under the name of French Equatorial Africa. Chad passed in 1920 to French civilian administration, but suffered from chronic neglect.

Chad distinguished itself in 1940 for being, under the governorship of Félix Éboué, the first French colony to rally by the side of Free France. After World War II, the French permitted a limited amount of representation of the African population, ushering the way to the clash in the political arena between the progressive and southern-based Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) and the Islamic conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). It was eventually the PPT which emerged victorious and brought the country to independence in 1960 under the leadership of François Tombalbaye.

^
The name of the territory was changed several times during the French colonial period:
- Military Territory of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Territoire militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — September 5, 1900 – July 5, 1902.
- Circumscription of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Circonscription des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — July 5, 1902 – December 29, 1903.
- Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 29, 1903 – February 11, 1906.
- Military Territory of Chad / (Territoire militaire du Tchad) — February 11, 1906 – May 14, 1915.
- Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — May 14, 1915 – March 17, 1920.
- Colony of Chad / (Colonie du Tchad) — March 17, 1920 – June 30, 1934.
- Region of Chad / (Région du Tchad) — June 30, 1934 – December 31, 1937.
- Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 31, 1937 – November 28, 1958.
- Republic of Chad / (République du Tchad) — November 28, 1958 – August 11, 1960.
^ The Americana Annual 1946
^ ^a ^b Britannica Book Of The Year 1953

[1] The name of the territory was changed several times during the French colonial period:
Military Territory of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Territoire militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — September 5, 1900 – July 5, 1902.

Circumscription of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Circonscription des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — July 5, 1902 – December 29, 1903.

Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 29, 1903 – February 11, 1906.

Military Territory of Chad / (Territoire militaire du Tchad) — February 11, 1906 – May 14, 1915.

Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — May 14, 1915 – March 17, 1920.

Colony of Chad / (Colonie du Tchad) — March 17, 1920 – June 30, 1934.

Region of Chad / (Région du Tchad) — June 30, 1934 – December 31, 1937.

Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 31, 1937 – November 28, 1958.

Republic of Chad / (République du Tchad) — November 28, 1958 – August 11, 1960.

[2] Military Territory of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Territoire militaire des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — September 5, 1900 – July 5, 1902.

[3] Circumscription of the Lands and Protectorates of Chad / (Circonscription des pays et protectorats du Tchad) — July 5, 1902 – December 29, 1903.

[4] Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 29, 1903 – February 11, 1906.

[5] Military Territory of Chad / (Territoire militaire du Tchad) — February 11, 1906 – May 14, 1915.

[6] Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — May 14, 1915 – March 17, 1920.

[7] Colony of Chad / (Colonie du Tchad) — March 17, 1920 – June 30, 1934.

[8] Region of Chad / (Région du Tchad) — June 30, 1934 – December 31, 1937.

[9] Territory of Chad / (Territoire du Tchad) — December 31, 1937 – November 28, 1958.

[10] Republic of Chad / (République du Tchad) — November 28, 1958 – August 11, 1960.

[Americana-2] The Americana Annual 1946

[Britannica-3] Britannica Book Of The Year 1953

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History of Chad

Kanem-Bornu Empire Sultanate of Bagirmi Wadai Empire French colonial period Tombalbaye government Civil War (1965–1979) Malloum government Transitional Government Habré Era Conflict with Libya Toyota War Déby Era Civil War (2005–2010)
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