While freedom of religion is de jure symbolically enshrined in the Malaysian Constitution, it de facto faces many prohibitions and restrictions. A Malay in Malaysia must strictly be a Muslim, and they cannot convert to another religion. Islamic religious practices are determined by official Sharia law, and Muslims can be fined by the state for not fasting or refusing to pray. The country does not consider itself a secular state and that Islam is the state religion of the country, and individuals with no religious affiliation (atheist, agnostic or other irreligious life stances) are viewed with hostility.
The Constitution states that Islam is the state religion of the country but that other religions are permitted. (Article 3). Article 11 of the Constitution provides the right to profess and to practice any religion, although subject to applicable laws restricting the propagation of other religions to Muslims.[1][2]
According to Freedom House based in America, in 2023, the country was scored 1 out of 4 for freedom of religion.[3]
^Musa, Mohd Faizal (2022). "Freedom of Religion in Malaysia" (PDF). iseas.edu.sg. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
^Article 11 (4): 'State law and in respect of the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, federal law may control or restrict the propagation of any religious doctrine or belief among persons professing the religion of Islam.'
^"Malaysia: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report". Freedom House.
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