Fraley syndrome is a condition where the superior infundibulum of the upper calyx of the kidney is obstructed by the crossing renal (upper or middle section) artery branch, causing distension and dilatation of the calyx and presenting clinically as haematuria and nephralgia (ipsilateral flank pain).[1][2][3][4] Furthermore, when the renal artery obstructs the proximal collecting system, filling defects can occur anywhere in the calyces, pelvis, or ureter.
The condition was first described in the New England Journal of Medicine by urologist Elwin E. Fraley in December 1966.
While this is a rare disorder, most cases are asymptomatic. When complications do arise, it can be treated surgically after testing is done to identify the renal vasculature that is impacting renal output. Another possible cause for similar hydronephrosis is megacalicosis, for which surgery is considered inappropriate.[5]
^Dimitar Vasileff Georgieff (October 2001). "A case of upper polar hydrocalycosis of right kidney after chronic compression of pyelocalyceal segment from normal renal artery (Fraley Syndrome)" – via ResearchGate.
^"Fraley's syndrome". Whonamedit. Retrieved 2011-09-19.[unreliable medical source?]
^Zuckier LS, Patel YD, Fine EJ, Koenigsberg M (1988). "Fraley's syndrome: case report and update on current diagnostic methods". Urologic Radiology. 10 (2): 103–6. doi:10.1007/BF02926548. PMID 3055628. S2CID 29893564.
^"Fraley syndrome - RightDiagnosis.com". Wrongdiagnosis.com. 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2011-09-19.[unreliable medical source?]
^O'Reilly PH (August 1989). "Relationship between intermittent hydronephrosis and megacalicosis". British Journal of Urology. 64 (2): 125–9. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05970.x. PMID 2670046.
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