In economics and computer science, Fractional Pareto efficiency or Fractional Pareto optimality (fPO) is a variant of Pareto efficiency used in the setting of fair allocation of discrete objects. An allocation of objects is called discrete if each item is wholly allocated to a single agent; it is called fractional if some objects are split among two or more agents. A discrete allocation is called Pareto-efficient (PO) if it is not Pareto-dominated by any discrete allocation; it is called fractionally Pareto-efficient (fPO) if it is not Pareto-dominated by any discrete or fractional allocation.[1] So fPO is a stronger requirement than PO: every fPO allocation is PO, but not every PO allocation is fPO.
^Barman, S., Krishnamurthy, S. K., & Vaish, R., "Finding Fair and Efficient Allocations", EC '18: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, June 2018.
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