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Republic of the United States of Brazil
República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil
1946–1964
Flag (1960)
Coat of arms
Motto: "Ordem e Progresso" (English: "Order and Progress")
Anthem: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (English: "Brazilian National Anthem")
Capital
Rio de Janeiro (until 1960) Brasília (after 1960)
Common languages
Portuguese
Religion
(1950)[1]
93% Catholic
7% Others
Government
Federal presidential republic (1946–1961; 1963–1964) Federal parliamentary republic (1961–1963)
President
• 1946–1951 (first)
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
• 1961–1964 (last)
João Goulart
Prime Minister
• 1961–1962
Tancredo Neves
• 1962
Brochado da Rocha
• 1962–1963
Hermes Lima
Legislature
National Congress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
Historical era
Cold War
• Dutra's ascension
31 January 1946
• Democratic Constitution
18 September 1946
• Brasília as capital
21 April 1960
• Parliamentary system
8 September 1961
• Return to presidentialism
24 January 1963
• Military coup
31 March 1964
Population
• 1950
51,944,397
• 1960
70,992,343
Currency
Cruzeiro
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Vargas Era
Military dictatorship
The Fourth Brazilian Republic, also known as the "Populist Republic" or as the "Republic of 46", is the period of Brazilian history between 1946 and 1964. It was marked by political instability and the military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship.
This period was marked by often tumultuous presidencies of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Getúlio Vargas, Café Filho, Juscelino Kubitschek, Jânio Quadros and João Goulart. In 1945, president Getúlio Vargas was deposed by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Fourth Republic. During this period, three parties dominated national politics. Two of them were pro-Vargas — the Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, PTB) to the left and the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático, PSD) in the center — and another anti-Vargas party, the rightist National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional, UDN).
^"Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region". Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
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