Forward air control during the Vietnam War information
Forward air controllers (FACs) played a significant part in the Vietnam War from the very start. Largely relegated to airborne duty by the constraints of jungled terrain, FACs began operations as early as 1962. Using makeshift propeller-driven aircraft and inadequate radio nets, they became so essential to air operations that the overall need for FACs would not be completely satisfied until 1969. The FAC's expertise as an air strike controller also made him an intelligence source, munitions expert, communication specialist, and above all, the on-scene commander of the strike forces and the start of any subsequent combat search and rescue if necessary.
Present as advisors under Farm Gate, FACs grew even more important as American troops poured into Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) would swell its FAC complement to as many as 668 FACs in Vietnam by 1968; there were also FACs from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and allied nations. For the early years of the war USAF manning levels were at about 70% of need; they finally reached 100% in December 1969. The FACs would be essential participants in close air support in South Vietnam, interdiction efforts against the Ho Chi Minh Trail, supporting a guerrilla war on the Plain of Jars in Laos, and probing home defenses in North Vietnam.
As the war came to center on the Trail in 1969, the FAC role began to be marginalized. Anti-aircraft (AAA) defenses became steadily more aggressive and threatening along the Trail as the bombing of North Vietnam closed down. The communist enemy moved their supply activities to nighttime, quite literally leaving the FACs in the dark. The American response was twofold. They used fixed-wing gunships with electronic sensors to detect communist trucks, and onboard weaponry to destroy them. They also began putting FACs in jet aircraft and in flareships as a counter to the AAA threat. At about the same time, emplaced ground sensors began to complement and overshadow FAC reconnaissance as an intelligence source. FAC guidance of munitions also began to come into play in 1970.
By the time the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the U.S. and its allies had dropped about six times as many tons of bombs as had been dropped in the entirety of World War II.[1] A considerable proportion of this tonnage had been directed by forward air controllers.
^"1957-1975: The Vietnam War". libcom.org. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
and 25 Related for: Forward air control during the Vietnam War information
carried out by a forwardair controller (FAC). A primary forwardaircontrol function is ensuring the safety of friendly troops during close air support. Enemy...
conjunction with the US Central Intelligence Agency in Laos during America's VietnamWar. The Ravens pinpointed targets for most of theair strikes against...
TheVietnamWar involved the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) or North Vietnamese Army (NVA), National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (NLF) or Viet...
pilot who fought in the Korean and VietnamWars. He initially saw service in the New Zealand military, but joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1949 and...
tactical air strikes began to be used in Laos duringtheVietnamWar, it became apparent that, for the safety of noncombatants, some means of control was necessary...
artillery observers, joint terminal attack controllers, and forwardair controllers. World War I was the first conflict to make extensive use of CAS, albeit using...
(May 1991), At War in the Shadow of Vietnam: United States Military Aid to the Royal Lao Government 1955-75 (doctoral thesis), Air Force Institute of...
Australia's involvement in theVietnamWar began with a small commitment of 30 military advisors in 1962, and increased over the following decade to a peak...
in North Vietnam. 50,000 PAVN cadre and soldiers infiltrated South Vietnamduring 1965. Group 559, charged with transporting supplies down the Ho Chi Minh...
The South VietnamAir Force, officially the Republic of VietnamAir Force (RVNAF; Vietnamese: Không lực Việt Nam Cộng hòa, KLVNCH; French: Force aérienne...
At the beginning of 1967 the United States was engaged in a steadily expanding air and ground war in Southeast Asia. Since its inception in February 1965...
The Gulf War of 1990–1991 included an air campaign, as theair forces of the coalition carried out an extensive aerial bombing campaign from 17 January...
1968 the 19th Tactical Air Support Squadron flew forwardair support and observation missions over Vietnam until its mission was transferred to Osan AB,...
Zealand's involvement in theVietnamWar was highly controversial, sparking widespread protest at home from anti-VietnamWar movements modelled on their...
TheVietnamWar was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict that...
associated with the Cambodian Civil War and theVietnamWar, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers...
1972 in theVietnamWar saw foreign involvement in South Vietnam slowly declining. Three allies, Australia, New Zealand and Thailand, which had each contributed...
ground to the PAVN despite extensive U.S. air support and training and periodic attacks into Cambodia by the ARVN. While the bombing of North Vietnam had ceased...
The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of theVietnamWar. The Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese People's...
"To provide Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commanders a liaison capability to plan, coordinate, and conduct terminal control of fires in support...