The Florida Cracker Horse is a critically endangered horse breed[1] from the state of Florida in the United States. It is genetically and physically similar to many other Spanish-style horses, especially those from the Spanish Colonial horse group, including the Banker horse of North Carolina, and the Carolina Marsh Tacky of South Carolina.[2]
The Florida Cracker is a gaited breed known for its agility and speed. The Spanish first brought horses to Florida with their expeditions in the early 16th century; as colonial settlement progressed, they used the horses for herding cattle. These horses developed into the Florida Cracker type seen today, and continued to be used by Florida cowboys (known as "crackers") until the 1930s.
By this point, Florida Cracker Horses were superseded by American Quarter Horses, the latter of which were needed to work the larger cattle breeds brought to Florida during the Dust Bowl. As a result, the population numbers of the Florida Cracker Horse declined precipitously. Through the efforts of several private families and the Florida government, the breed was saved from extinction, but there is still concern about its low numbers. Both The Livestock Conservancy and the Equus Survival Trust consider breed endangered.
On July 1, 2008, the Florida House of Representatives declared the Florida Cracker Horse the official state horse.[3] The Florida Cracker is also associated with the Seminole Tribe of Florida, a prominent group of Native Americans in the state,[4] as well as the Chickasaw Nation, a Native American tribe that originally lived in Alabama and Mississippi in the Southern United States.
^"Conservation Priority List". The Livestock Conservancy. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
^Conant, E.K.; Juras, R.; Cothran, E.G. (February 2012). "A microsatellite analysis of five Colonial Spanish horse populations of the southeastern United States" (PDF). Animal Genetics. 43 (1): 53–62. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02210.x. PMID 22221025. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
^McAllister, Toni (18 September 2007). "Official designation for the Florida Cracker Horse". Horse Illustrated. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
^"Our History". Florida Cracker Trail Association. 14 October 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
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