Horses have been an important component of American life and culture since before the founding of the nation. In 2008, there were an estimated 9.2 million horses in the United States,[1] with 4.6 million citizens involved in businesses related to horses.[2][3] There are an estimated 82,000[4] feral horses that roam freely in the wild in certain parts of the country, mostly in the Western United States.
While genus Equus, of which the horse is a member, originally evolved in North America, these horse relatives became extinct on the continent approximately 8,000–12,000 years ago. In 1493, on Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the Americas, Spanish horses, representing E. caballus, were brought back to North America, first to the Virgin Islands; they were introduced to the continental mainland by Hernán Cortés in 1519. From early Spanish imports to Mexico and Florida, horses moved north, supplemented by later imports to the east and west coasts brought by British, French, and other European colonists. Native peoples of the Americas quickly obtained horses and developed their own horse culture.[5][6]
Horses remained an integral part of American rural and urban life until the 20th century, when the widespread emergence of mechanization caused their use for industrial, economic, and transportation purposes to decline. Modern use of the horse in the United States is primarily for recreation and entertainment, though some horses are still used for specialized tasks.
^Vialkely, M.K. (June 2008). "Do You Hear the Call?" (PDF). United States Equestrian Federation. p. 51. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
^"USEF Interscholastic Riding Programs Guide" (PDF). United States Equestrian Federation. p. 1. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
^"The Industry & Media Influence". theequestrianchannel.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
^"Herd Area and Herd Management Area Statistics" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
^Hämäläinen, Pekka (December 2003). "The Rise and Fall of Plains Indian Horse Cultures". Journal of American History. 90 (3): 833–862. doi:10.2307/3660878. JSTOR 3660878.
^Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Hart, Isaac; Jones, Emily Lena; Brenner-Coltrain, Joan; Thompson Jobe, Jessica; Britt, Brooks B.; McDonald, H. Gregory; Li, Yue; Zhang, Chengrui; Le Roux, Petrus; Shield Chief Gover, Carlton Quinn (July 2021). "Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Lehi Horse: Implications for Early Historic Horse Cultures of the North American West". American Antiquity. 86 (3): 465–485. doi:10.1017/aaq.2020.109. ISSN 0002-7316. S2CID 234025073.
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