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Flat adverb information


In English grammar, a flat adverb, bare adverb, or simple adverb[1] is an adverb that has the same form as the corresponding adjective,[2] so it usually does not end in -ly, e.g. "drive slow", "drive fast", "dress smart", etc. The term includes words that naturally end in -ly in both forms, e.g. "drive friendly". Flat adverbs were once quite common but have been largely replaced by their -ly counterparts. In the 18th century, grammarians believed flat adverbs to be adjectives, and insisted that adverbs needed to end in -ly. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "It's these grammarians we have to thank for ... the sad lack of flat adverbs today".[3] There are now only a few flat adverbs, and some are widely thought of as incorrect.[4] Despite bare adverbs being grammatically correct and widely used by respected authors, they are often stigmatized.[5] There have even been public campaigns against street signs with the traditional text "go slow" and the innovative text "drive friendly."[1]

  1. ^ a b O'Conner, P.T.; Kellerman, S. (2009). Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language. Random House Publishing Group. p. 30. ISBN 9781588368560.
  2. ^ Garner's Modern American Usage, p. 897
  3. ^ "Drive Safe: In Praise of Flat Adverbs" with Emily Brewster, part of the "Ask the Editor" series at Merriam-Webster.com
  4. ^ Merriam-Webster, Inc (1998). Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors. Merriam-Webster. p. 373. ISBN 9780877796220.
  5. ^ When Adverbs Fall Flat, including list of the most common bare adverbs

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Flat adverb

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of murderer (as some, but not all, possible murderers are murderers). Flat adverb List of eponymous adjectives in English Predication (philosophy) Proper...

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Prepositional adverb

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English grammar

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as both adjectives and adverbs, such as fast, straight, and hard; these are flat adverbs. In earlier usage more flat adverbs were accepted in formal...

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Part of speech

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with the verb. In older grammars, the particle was usually analyzed as an adverb. a. Kids grow up so fast these days b. You shouldn't give in so easily....

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Demonstrative

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there, away from both of us)" Further oppositions are created with place adverbs. Essa maçã aqui "this apple (next to me or next to you-and-me)" Essa maçã...

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English usage controversies

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"Somebody left their sweater" or "My friend left their sweater here" Flat adverbs – e.g., "Drive safe" as opposed to "Drive safely" Split infinitives –...

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English compound

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Fanaticism

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North

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south and is perpendicular to east and west. North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. The word north is related to the Old...

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Converb

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adverbial participle, conjunctive participle, gerund, gerundive and verbal adverb (Ylikoski 2003). Converbs are differentiated from coverbs, verbs in complex...

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Catalan grammar

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Interjection

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Intensifier

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words called adverbs of degree, also known as degree adverbs. When used grammatically as intensifiers, these words cease to be degree adverbs, because they...

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Norwegian language

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English adjectives

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takes dependents. AdjPs can take modifiers, which are usually pre-head adverb phrases (e.g., truly wonderful) or post-head preposition phrases (e.g.,...

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Chinese grammar

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prepositional phrases but not other phrasal categories. These degree adverbs include clear, flat, plumb, right, smack, and straight. Examples of prepositional...

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Double negative

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depending on how such a sentence is constructed, in some dialects if a verb or adverb is in between two negatives then the latter negative is assumed to be intensifying...

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Turkish grammar

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